b CORDON TRAINING. 



modifications were required, however, before any 

 practical result could be depended upon. 



The climate of France is so different from that 

 of England, that what is proper in the one case 

 becomes almost useless in the other ; and the whole 

 system now presented to the public is so altered, 

 so combined, and, in the case of Orchard-house 

 culture, so fundamentally different from the 

 French system, that it may be considered as a 

 separate method, originating from several others. 

 Examples of this will abundantly occur as the 

 various forms are entered into and described. It 

 will be sufficient here to state, that the repeated 

 summer pinchings, by which the shoots on the 

 spurs are rendered compact and fruitful, are 

 partly described in a work published in 1812. 

 This suggested the system put into practice at 

 Chartres very lately. In the Orchard-house it 

 must soon supersede any other, and is recom- 

 mended in the eighth edition of Mr. Rivers' ex- 

 cellent work. Of course in the case of Diagonal 

 training, important modifications have been intro- 

 duced, rendered necessary by the angle at which 

 the trees lie, and also by the exigencies of the 

 climate. 



/ As the French have no cultivation worth men- 

 { tioning under glass (and indeed it is only in Eng- 

 land that this invaluable advantage is properly 

 appreciated), the treatment of these spurs requires 

 peculiar changes, more especially in the case of 



