331 



describing the valley in which the province of Cibola was situated, 

 says, " Cest une val!6e tre"s-etroite entre des moatagnes escarpe"es,"* 

 which is an exact description of the valley of the Rio de Zuiii, confined 

 between the walls of inclosing mesas. Again, Jaraniillo says " this first 

 village of Cibola is exposed a little towards the northeast, and to the 

 northwest in about five days' journey is a province of seven villages 

 called Tusayan.t all of which exactly accords with the exposed position 

 to the northeast of old Zuiii and correctly describes the location of the 

 Moqui villages. 



But there is some historical evidence upon this point which I consider 

 irrefragable, and which certainly makes Zufii and Cibola identical places. 



Keferriiig to the relation of a notable journey made by Antonio de 

 Espejo to New Mexico, in 1583, to be found in Hakluyt's Voyages, vol. 

 iii, I read as follows: "Antonio de Espejo also visited Acoma, situated 

 upon a high rock which was about 50 paces high, having no other en- 

 trance but by a ladder or pair of stairs hewn into the same rock, whereat 

 our people marveled not a little. 



" Twenty-five leagues from hence, toward the west, they came to a 

 certain province called by the inhabitants themselves Zuni, and by the 

 Spaniards Cibola. containing a great number of Indians, in which pro- 

 vince Francisco Vasquez de Coronado had been, and had erected many 

 crosses and other tokens of Christianity, which remained as yet stand- 

 ing. Here also they found three Indian Christians who had remained 

 there ever since the said journey, whose names were Andrew de Culia- 

 cau, Gaspar de Mexico, and Antonio de Guadalajara, who had about 

 forgotten their language, but could speak the country speech very well ; 

 howbeit after some small conference with our men they easily under- 

 stood one another." 



Now turning to Castaneda's Relations, where he gives an account of 

 Corouado's leaving the country for Mexico, I find his language as fol- 

 lows : " When the army arrived at Cibola it rested for a while to pre- 

 pare itself for entering the desert, for it is the last point inhabited. We 

 left the country entirely peaceful; there were some Indians from Mexico 

 who had accompanied us, who remained there and established them- 

 selves, (il y ent merne quelques Indiens du Mexique qui nous avaieni ac- 

 compagnes, qui y resterent et s'y etablireut.")| 



Thus it would seem that the two accounts of Espejo and Castaiieda 

 correspond in such a manner as not to leave the slightest doubt that 

 Zuiii of the present day is the Cibola of old. Corouado left three of 

 his men at Cibola, who were found living there by Espejo and his party 

 forty years afterwards ; they had nearly forgotten their original lan- 

 guage, but yet, after awhile, "managed to converse with some of Espejo's 

 men. What more natural, and, indeed, what could have been a more 

 interesting topic than the adventures of these men ; how they got there, 

 and whether Zufii was veritably the far-famed Cibola that forty years 

 previously had excited the attention of the governments of New and 

 Old Spain. Espejo, under the above circumstances, reporting that the 

 Spaniards called Zufii Cibola, certainly could not have meant anything 

 else than that he believed it veritably such. I have been thus particu- 

 lar with regard to this testimony, for the reason that Mr. Morgan, in his 

 essay already referred to, while he recognizes the historical fact of Zuui 

 having been called by the Spaniards, according to Espejo's Relations, 

 Cibola, in 1583, yet advances the idea that after all Espejo probably 



* (,'astanc<la's IJrlations, TVnumx (Jompans, p. 164. 

 t Jarainillo's Relations, Trrnaiix (!oinp;ins, p. 370. 

 tCaata&eda'e Relations, Ternaux Compaus, p. 217. 



