332 CORON ADO'S MARCH. 



only meant to express that they conjectured the places to have been 

 identical. 



It seems to me that what I have advanced shows most conclusively 

 that Cibola and Zirni are identical localities, and nothing could be said 

 which could make it more certain; but as corroborative I will state that I 

 have seen in the excellent library of the Peabody Institute of Baltimore 

 an atlas entitled " The American Atlas, or a Geographical Description 

 of the whole Continent of America, by Mr. Thomas Jeffreys, Geogra- 

 pher, published in London in 1773." On map No. o of this atlas, Zufii 

 and Cibola are laid down as synonymous names, and the locality they 

 express is precisely that of Zuni of the present day.* Again, on a 

 " Carte conteuant le Eoyaume du Mexique et La Floride," in the " Atlas 

 Historique par Mr. C * * * avec des dissertations sur 1'Histoire de 

 chaque etat par Mr. Guendeville," tome vi, second edition, published 

 in Amsterdam, 1732, I find Zuiii and Cibola laid down as synonymous. 



In this connection it may be proper to observe that the claim's of Ci- 

 boletta, Moquino, Poquate, Covero, Acomo, Laguna, Poblacou, as con- 

 jectured by Emory and Abert to be regarded as the seven cities of 

 Cibola, are rendered null by the historical fact mentioned by Castaiieda, 

 and also by Jaramillo, that the latter were situated on the Rio Vermejo, 

 (Little Colorado,) a tributary of the Southern Ocean ;t and also by the 

 circumstance of the army, on its inarch from Cibola to Tiguex, finding 

 Acuco (Acoma) five days' journey to the eastward of Cibola, a circum- 

 stance which could not have taken place if Acuco (Acoma) were one of 

 the seven towns of Cibola. Besides, Castaneda, in enumerating the 

 villages dispersed in the country, expressly states that " Cibola is the 

 first province ; it contains seven villages; Tusayan, seven; the rock of 

 Acuco, one, &c.,| which certainly shows that Cibola and Acuco were 

 separate and district provinces. 



Again, I cannot see that the ruins of the Chaco, which, according to 

 my explorations and reading are probably, on account of their extent 

 and character, the most remarkable yet discovered in this country, have 

 any just claims, as advanced by Mr. Morgan, to be regarded as the seven 

 cities of Cibola ; first, for the reason that they are not, as required by 

 historical fact, situated on the Eio Vermejo, (Little Colorado,) or tribu- 

 tary of the Eio del Lino or Flax River; second, they are not so situated 

 with regard to the desert passed over by Coronado, between Chichilticale 

 and Cibola, as to make the statement of Castaiieda pertinent, to wit, 



* On this atlas is indorsed, " Presented to the Peabody Institute by the Hon. John P. 

 Kennedy, April 1, 1864. By this map the great dispute between Daniel Webster and 

 Lord Ashburton (relating doubtless to the northeastern boundary) was settled, particu- 

 larly by map No. 5." 



t " All the streams we met, whether rivulet or river, as far as that of Cibola, and I 

 believe even one or two days' journey beyond that place, How in the direction of the 

 South Sea, (Mer du Sud,) meaning the Pacific Ocean ;" further on they flow to the 

 North Sea, (Mer du Nord,) meaning the Gulf of Mexico. Jaramillo's Relations, Ternaux 

 Compans, p. 370. 



t Castaneda's Relations, Ternanx Compans, pp. 181, 182. 



Mr. Morgan, in his essay before referred to, having already made largo extracts 

 from my report to the Government on these ruins, I deem it unnecessary to say any- 

 thing further in relation to them than to refer the reader for a more detailed account 

 to said report. It is interesting, however, in this connection, to present the following 

 extract from Humboldt's Essai sur le Royaume de la Nouvelle Espague, page 305, which 

 in all probability refers to these very ruins : "The Indian traditions inform us that 

 some twenty leagues to the north of Moqni,near the embouchure of the river Zejuannes, 

 a river of the Navajos, was the first resting place (dcmcuri') of the Aztecs after their 

 sortie from Atzlan." Again, on his map accompanying his Essay, is the following: 

 "Premiere demeure des Azteques sortes d'Atzlan en 1160. tradition in certaine," in lon- 

 gitude about 115J30", latitude 37. 



