CORON ADO'S MARCH. 333 



that Cibola was the first village to be met after passing the desert, and 

 the last on leaving the peopled country to enter the desert; third, the 

 Moqni villages (undoubtedly Tusayan) do not lie to the northwest from 

 the ruins on the Chaco, as they should do if these ruins were Cibola, but 

 to the south of west; and fourth, the route of Coronado's army eastward 

 from there to Cicuye, by the way of Acuco, (Acoma,) would have been 

 very much and unnecessarily out of the proper direction. 



Mr. Morgan mentions the fact stated by Coronado, that it was eight 

 days' journey from Cibola to the buffalo range. This, he thinks, could 

 very well have taken place on the hypothesis of the Chaco ruins having 

 been Cibola, but not on the supposition of Zufii. But the distance of 

 Zufii to the buffalo range east of the Eio Pecos is only about 230 miles, 

 which certainly could have been reached in eight days, allowing the 

 journey he does of 30 miles per day. 



But to proceed with the principal points of Coronado's route eastward 

 from Cibola. I believe that all authorities who have written on the 

 subject concur in the view that the Pueblo of Acoma, or Hak-koo-kee- 

 ah, as it is now called in the ZuTii language, is the Acuco of Colorado.* 



The singular coincidence of the names, as well as the striking resem- 

 blance of the two places as described by Castaneda and Abert, which 

 cannot be predicated of any other place in New Mexico, together with 

 the proper relation of Acoma to Zuiii (Cibola) and Tiguex in distance 

 and direction, all show that they are identical, t 



The next province Coronado entered was that of Tiguex. Mr. Gallatin 

 has located it on the Eio Puerco. His language relating to it is as fol- 

 lows: '-Having compared those several accounts (of Castaneda and 

 Jaramillo) with Lieutenant Abert's map and with that of Mr. Gregg, it 



* Lieutenant Colonel J. H. Eaton, United States Army, writing on this subject, re- 

 marks: "In a conversation with a very intelligent Zufii Indian I learned that the 

 Pueblo of Acoma is called in the Zmii tongue Hak-koo-kee-ah, (Acuco,) and this name 

 was given to me without any previous question which would serve to give him an idea 

 of this old Spanish name. Does not this, therefore, seem to give color to the hypothesis 

 that Corouado's army passed by or near to the present Pueblo of Zuni, and that it was 

 their Cibola, or one of the seven cities of Cibola." ( Schooler aft's History of the Indian 

 Tribes of the United States, part iv, p. 220.) 



t The following graphic description of Acoma is from Abert: " After a journey of 15 

 miles we arrived at Acoma. High on a lofty rock of sandstone, such as I have de- 

 scribed, sits the city of Acoma. On the northern side of the rock the rude boreal blasts 

 have heaped up the sand so as to form a practical ascent for some distance ; the rest of 

 the way is through solid rock. At one place a singular opening or narrow way is 

 formed between a huge, square tower of rock and the perpendicular face of the cliff. 

 Then the road winds round like a spiral stairway; and the Indians have, in some way, 

 fixed logs of wood in the rock, radiating from a vertical axis, like steps. These afford 

 foothold to man and beast in clambering up. 



"We were constantly meeting and passing Indians, who had their 'burros' laden 

 with peaches. At last we reached the top of the rock, which was nearly level, and con- 

 tains about sixty acres. Hero we saw a large church, and several continuous blocks of 

 buildings, containing sixty or seventy houses in each block. (The wall at the side that 

 faced outward was unbroken, and had no windows until near the top. The houses 

 were three stories high.) In front, each story retreated back as it ascended, so as to 

 leave a platform along the whole front of the story. These platforms are guarded by 

 parapet walls about three feet high. In order to gain admittance you ascend to the 

 second story by means of ladders. The next story is gained by the same means; but 

 to reach the 'azotia,' or roof, the partition walls on the platform that separates the 

 quarters of different families have been formed into steps. This makes quite a narrow 

 staircase, as the walls are not more than one foot in width." (Report of Lieutenant J. 

 W. Abert, Corps Topographical Engineers, of his examination of New Mexico in the 

 years l(54(>-'47, Ex. Doc. 41, 3Uth Congress, 1st session, pp. 470, 471.) 



