CORONADO'S MARCH. 335 



icier states that farther to the north (from Tiguex) is the province of 

 Quirix, which contains seven villages ; seven leagues to the northwest 

 (which may mean from Quirix or Tiguex) that of Hemez, which con- 

 tains the same number, &c. ;* the text says, "nord-est," but this is 

 evidently a mistake, as the oldest maps extant place Hemez where it is 

 now situated, on the Eio de Hemez, to the west of the Eio Grande. 



The foregoing would seem to show conclusively that Tiguex was sit- 

 uated below Quirix, and possibly, under one of the constructions given 

 above, only seven leagues or twenty-four miles below Hemez, whicu 

 would place it on the Eio Grande just about the mouth of the Klo de 

 Hemez, or about 80 miles above the mouth of the Puerco, where the 

 authorities above given have placed it. But yet the extract before 

 given from Castaneda expressly states also that the "Province of Tig- 

 uex was situated upon the banks of a great river (Eio de Tiguex) in a 

 valley about two leagues broad, and bounded on its west by some very 

 high, snowy mountains," &c. Now, the only locality which will answer 

 this description is that part of the valley of the Eio Grande bounded on 

 its west by the Socorro Mountains, situated just below the mouth of the 

 Puerco. These are the tirst mountains to be met in descending the river 

 from Santo Domingo, or from even above that pueblo, (all the intervening- 

 heights being merely table-lands and therefore not so elevated as to bo 

 termed snowy,) and they fix the locality, in my judgment, as I havc. 

 before stated, below the mouth of the Puerco. 



I have, therefore, on my map located the province of Tiguex on the 

 Eio Grande below the Eio Puerco, at the foot of the Socorro Mountains, 

 which bounds it on its west ; and it is somewhat confirmatory of this 

 position that on the map No. 5 of "Thomas Jeffreys' Atlas," before re 

 ferred to as excellent authority, I find Tigua, no doubt intended for the 

 same place, or province, located in the valley of the Eio Grande, just 

 where I have located Tiguex, namely, at the foot of the Socorro Moun- 

 tains. 



The next important place in the route of Coronado from Tiguex was 

 Cicuye. Castanedo says : "After a journey of five days from Tiguex, 

 Alvarado (with his detachment of twenty men) arrived at Cicuye, a 

 very well fortified village, the houses of which are four stories high."t 

 Again, "The army quitted Tiguex on the 5th of May (1531) and took the 

 route to Cicuye, which is twenty-five leagues distant."! Jaramillo states 

 the direction to have been " northeast." In another place Castafieda 

 remarks that " Cicuye is built in a narrow valley, in the midst of moun- 

 tains covered with pines. It is traversed by a small stream, in which we 

 caught some excellent trout."|| 



Now, all this points, as I believe, to the ruins of Pecos, on the Eio 

 Pecos, as the site of Cicuye, and in this I agree with Mr. Squier and 

 Mr. Kern. These ruins are in a northeast direction from the supposed 

 position of Tiguex, and about five days' journey distant. They are 

 also situated in a narrow valley in the midst of mountains covered 

 with pines, and the site is traversed by a small silvery stream, in which 

 may be caught some excellent trout. I certainly know no other place 

 that in so many respects suits the conditions of the problem ; but the 



* Castaneda's Relations, Tcruanx Compans. 

 t Castaneda's Relations, Tornaux Compans, p. 71. 

 t Castaneda's Relations, Ternanx Compans, p. 113. 

 $ Jararnillo's Relations, Ternanx Compans, p. 371. 

 || Castaneda's Relations, Teruaux Compans, p. 179. 



