APO 



APP 



Hardy orchid ; offsets ; sandy peat. 

 A. hiema'le (wintry). 1. Brown. N. Amer. 182/. 



APO'CYNUM. (From GJOO, from, and 

 kyon, a dog; poisonous to dogs. Nat. 

 ord., Dogbanes [Apocynacese]. Linn., 5- 

 Pentandria \-Monogynia.*) 



Hary herbaceous perennials. Suckers, division' 

 and seeds ; common garden-soil. 

 A. androscBmifo'lium (tutsan-leaved). 2. Striped- 

 August. N. Amer. 1683. 



cannu 'binum (hemp-like). 3. Yellow. Au- 



gust. N. Amer. 1699. 



Iiypencifo'lium (hypericum-leaved). 2. White. 



June. N. Amer. 1758. 



Vene'tum (Venetian). 2. White. June, 



Adriatic Islands. 16QO. 



APONOGE'TON. From apon, Celtic for 

 water, and geiton, neighbour; indicating 

 its places of growth. Nat. ord., Arrow- 

 grasses [Juncaginaceae]. Linn., Q-Hcx- 

 andria 3-Trigynia.) 



Aquatics, kept in a vessel of water, in stove or 

 greenhouse, according to their native localities, 

 but all thriving in the stove ; offsets, loam and 

 peat. 



A. angustifo'lium (narrow-leaved). 1. White. 

 July. Cape of Good Hope. 1788. Green- 

 house. 



cri'spum (curled-leaved). 1. White. August. 



Ceylon. 1820. Stove. 



dista'chyon (two-spiked). 1. White. June. 



Cape of Good Hope. 1788. Greenhouse. 



juncifo'lium (rush-leaved). White. 184/. 



Stove. 



monosta'chyon (simple-spiked). 1. Pink. 



September. E. Ind. 1803. Stove. 



APPLE. Pij'rus ma'lus. 



Varieties. There are 1,496 named 

 varieties in the last edition of the Lon- 

 don Horticultural Society's List of Fruits, 

 of which they have 897 cultivated in 

 their gardens. The following are good 

 selections : 



Espalier and divarf. Dessert kinds. 

 Lamb- abbey pearmain; Hick's fancy; 

 Kerry pippin ; Stunner pippin ; Eibston 

 pippin ; Pitmaston nonpareil ; Old non- 

 pareil ; Braddick's nonpareil ; Scarlet 

 nonpareil ; Pearson's plate ; Court-pen- 

 duplat ; Court of Wick ; Golden drop ; 

 King of pippins ; Margille ; Golden rein- 

 ette ; Reinette du Canada ; Adam's pear- 

 main; Boston russet ; Baddom, or spring 

 Ribston pippin; Early harvest; Early 

 Margaret ; Golden Harvey. 



Standard. Dessert. Hick's fancy ; 

 Kerry pippin ; Pitmanton nonpareil ; 

 Court of Wick ; King of pippins ; Golden 

 reinette ; Adam's pearmain ; Boston rus- 

 set; Early harvest; Early Margaret; 

 Summer pippin ; Eibston pippin. 



Espaliers and dwarfs. Kitchen. Haw- 

 Ihornden; Alfriston; Pitmaston nonpa- 



reil ; Manks codling ; Wareham russet ; 

 Blenheim orange; Chappell ; Keswick 

 codling ; Waltham-abbey seedling. 



Standard. Kitchen Northern green- 

 ing, or John; Manks codling; Chappell; 

 Wareham russet; Blenheim orange; 

 Norman ton, or Dumelow's seedling; Kes- 

 wick codling ; Hawthorden ; Bedfordshire 

 foundling; Reinette du Canada; Emperor 

 Alexander; Dutch codling; Wormsley 

 pippin; Waltham-abbey seedling; Al- 

 friston. 



For ivalls. Ribston pippin ; Old non- 

 pareil; Newtown pippin ; Sturmer pippin. 



Propagation by seed. Sow in autumn 

 the largest and most convex seeds, of a 

 favoured variety, in pots or border of light, 

 rich loam ; bury the seed an inch deep ; 

 if in a border, six inches apart each way. 

 Mr. London says, " The end of the first 

 year they should be transplanted into 

 nursery rows, from six inches to a foot 

 apart every way. Afterwards they should 

 be removed to where they are to produce 

 fruit ; and for this purpose the greater 

 the distance between the plants the bet- 

 ter. It should not be less than six or 

 eight feet every way. The quickest way 

 to bring them into a bearing state, Mr. 

 Williams of Pitmaston considers, is to 

 let the plants be furnished with lateral 

 shoots, from the ground upwards, so 

 I disposed as that the leaves of the upper 

 shoots may not shade those situated 

 underneath, pruning away only trifling 

 shoots. He adopted this mode, and suc- 

 ceeded in procuring fruit from seedling 

 apples at four, five, and six years of age, 

 instead of waiting eight, ten, and even 

 fifteen years, which must be the case by 

 the usual mode of planting close, and 

 pruning to naked stems." 



The advice of Mr. Williams is very 

 good; but we must remind our readers 

 that most of our shy, flowering, arbore- 

 scent or shrubby plants or trees are the 

 soonest brought to blossom by first en- 

 couraging a high amount of luxuriance, 

 and then inducing a severe check by root- 

 pruning. By such means, carefully 

 carried out, there can be no doubt that 

 seedling apples may be made to blossom 

 in four years. The check may either 

 consist in a severe root-pruning, or the 

 plants may be transplanted ; taking caro 

 to prune away all taper-forked roots, and 

 using all possible means to encourage 

 surface fibres. 



We may add here, that the less prun- 



