ART 



C 71] 



ARU 



root; and early in November the beds 

 should be dressed for the winter. Cut 

 away the old leaves close to the ground, 

 but without injuring the centre or side- 

 shoots. Fork over the bed, throwing the 

 earth in a ridge, about eight inches high, 

 over each row, putting it close round 

 each plant, but being careful to keep the 

 heart free from the crumbs of soil. After 

 this has been done, pile round every plant 

 some long litter, or pea-haulm, three or 

 four inches thick ; and, to keep this from 

 blowing away, as well as to help in pre- 

 serving the roots from severe frosts, cover 

 over the litter, or haulm, two inches deep 

 with coal-ashes. The ashes may be 

 turned into the soil in the spring, being 

 a manure much liked by the artichoke. 



Soil and Situation. 'The finest heads 

 are produced in a sail abounding in 

 moisture ; but in such they will not sur- 

 vive the winter. They should have a 

 rich, deep loam allotted to them. Manure 

 must be applied every spring ; and the 

 best compost for them is a mixture of 

 three parts welt-putrefied dung, and one 

 part of fine coal-ashes. They should 

 always have an open exposure, and, above 

 all, be free from the influence of trees ; 

 for if beneath their shade or drip the 

 plants spindle, and produce worthless 

 heads. 



Insect. The leaves of the artichoke 

 are liable to injury by a beetle. See 

 CASSIDA VIEIDIS. 



Saving Seed. Select any number of 

 the earliest and finest heads ; and as soon 

 as the flowers begin to decay, the heads 

 should be turned, and tied downwards, 

 so as lo prevent the wet lodging in them, 

 which would rot the seeds. 



ARTOCAR'RPUS. Bread-fruit. (From 

 artos, bread, and carpos, fruit. The fruit, 

 baked, resembles bread. Nat. ord., Ar- 

 tocnrpads [Artocarpacese]. Linn., 21- 

 Moiicecia i- Monandria.) 



In this order we meet with such anomalies as 

 the invaluable bread-fruit-tree of the tropics, the 

 useful cow-tree of Caraccas, and the virulent 

 poison of the upas-tree of Java, side by side. 

 Stove evergreen trees. Cuttings of ripened wood 

 in sand, under a hand-light, and in a brisk, sweet, 

 bottom-heat. Loamy soil. Summer temp., 60 

 to "0 ; winter, 60 to 65. The flowers of all the 

 species are whitish-green. 



A. inci'sa (cut-leaved). 60. South Sea Islands. 

 1793. 



nuci'fera (nut-bearing). 50. E. Ind 



1793. 



integrifo'lia (entire-leaved. Jack-tree). 60 

 June. E. Ind. 17/3. 



helerophy'lla (variable-leaved). 60. E. 



Ind. 1778. 



A 'RUM. (From aron, supposed to be 

 an ancient Egyptian word. Nat. ord., 

 Arads [Aracesej. Linn., 2l-Moncecia 9 

 Polyandria.) 



All are propagated by division of the roots ; 

 best done when the plants cease growing, in 

 autumn, or when they commence growing, in 

 spring. Sandy loam will suit the most of them ; 

 the stove species should have a portion of peat. 

 Winter temp, for them, from 50 to 60. All are 

 herbaceous perennials, except where otherwise 

 particularized. 



HARDY. 



A. atro-ru'bens (dark- purple -streaked). 1. 

 Brown. July. N. Amer. 1758. 



bulbi'ferum (bulb-bearing). 3. Purple. April. 



Bengal. 1813. 



draco'ntium (green-dragon). 1. Green. June. 



N. Amer. 1759. 



dracu'nculus (common-dragon). 3. Brown- 



ish-purple. July. South Europe. 1548. 



Ita'licum (Italian). 2. Light yellow. June. 



Italy. 1683. 



orienta'le (eastern). 1. June. Tauria. 1820. 



pnlria'tum (hand-shaped). 2. 1825. 



pi'ctum (painted). 2. Corsica. 180( 



probosci deum (proboscis -like). 1. July. 



Apenn. 1818. 



tenuifo'lium (fine-leaved). 1. White. June. 



South Europe. 1570. 



triphy'llum (three-leaved). 1. Brown. June 



N. Amer. 1664. 



zebri'num (zebra). 1. Brown. June. N. 



Amer. 1664. 



GREENHOUSE. 

 A. crini turn (hairy-sheathed). 1. Brown. April, 

 Minorca. 1777. 



ri'ngens (gaping). 1. June. Japan. 1800. 



terna'tum (three-leafleted). 1. Purple- July. 



Japan. 1774. 



STOVE. 



A. campanula! turn (bell-shaped). 2. Purple. 

 May. E. Ind. 1817- 



coloca'sia (colocasia). 2. Green. Levant. 



1551. Tuberous-rooted. This i? now a 

 genus by itself. 



divaricdtum (straggling). 2. Green. July. 



E. Ind. 1759. Tuberous-rooted. 



hedera'ceum (ivy-leaved). 1. Purple. June. 



W. Ind. 1793. Epiphyte. 



Tndicum (Indian). 5. Brown. China. 1824. 



Evergreen. 



integrifo' Hum (entire-leaved). 3. Green. 



June. 1825. Evergreen. 



lingula'tum ftongue-/eaed). 6. W. Ind-. 



1793. Epiphyte. 



marglnu'tum (margined). 2. E. Ind". 1820 



obtusi'lobum (blunt-lobed). 2. 1824. 



Orixe'nse (Orissan). 1. Purple. June. S. 



Amer. 1820. Tuberous-rooted. 



pedn'tum (pedate). 1. S. Amer. 1820.' 



pent nphy' Hum (five-leaved). 1. E. Ind. .1818. 



ramo'sum (branchy). 3. June. 1810. Ever- 



green. 



sagittifo'lium (arrow-leaved). 2. 1824. 



tarmento' 'sum (runner-bearing). Brazil. J835. 



spira'le (spiral). 1. Brown. May. China. 18 16. 



triloba'tum (three-lobed). 1. Purple. June 



Ceylon. 1714. Tuberous-rooted. 



auricula' turn (eared). 1. Purple. June. 



Ceylon. 1714. Tuberous-rooted. 



veno'sum (vvmy-purplu-flowered). 2. Purple. 



June. 1794. 



