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autumn following. They will then send 

 up several stems, and flower all the 

 winter in the greenhouse or conserva- 

 tory. Tree Carnations are propagated 

 by pipings ; and, as the same method of 

 propagating by pipings is proper for 

 the florists' varieties, we shall describe 

 it briefly. It is done as follows : Pre- 

 pare as many pots as are wanted for 

 the purpose ; fill them nearly full of the 

 compost above described, and the re- 

 maining space with silver-sand ; prepare 

 the piping by cutting off a stem quite 

 smooth at the third joint, then carefully 

 slit the joint just through, and insert the 

 pipings in the sand pretty thickly all over 

 the pot; place them upon a gentle hot- 

 bed, on a layer of sifted coal-ashes, or 

 river sand ; place the lights on, and 

 shade from the sun till they are rooted, 

 then harden them oif gradually, and pot 

 them into small pots ; if Tree Carnations, 

 singly ; if show varieties, in pairs of the 

 same kind, and re-pot them as directed 

 above. 



Exhibiting. In June, or beginning of 

 July, the plants will be considerably 

 advanced towards flowering, and they 

 should be put upon stages or stands. 

 The posts, or supporters, of the stage 

 should be surrounded at the bottom by 

 small cups of water, to exclude slugs ; 

 and, by placing the plants on a stage, 

 having the platform eighteen indies or 

 two feet high, the flowers are viewed to 

 more advantage ; and if there is erected 

 an awning over the top, supported four 

 feet above the platform, the flowers, be- 

 ing screened from the heat of the mid- 

 day sun, and defended from heavy rains, 

 are continued much longer in beauty. 



With respect to the cups of water 

 above mentioned, they are earthen or 

 leaden, about fifteen inches wide, and 

 three or four deep, having a hollow or 

 vacancy in the middle six inches wide, 

 like a socket, to receive the posts ; and 

 is formed by a raised rim in the middle, 

 equal in height to that of the circum- 

 ference, and the hollow, or socket, so 

 formed as to receive the bottom of the 

 posts quite through to the ground ; arid 

 the space between the outer and inner 

 rim is filled with water, so that each 

 post standing in the middle of such a 

 cistern sufficiently guards the plants 

 against creeping insects. 



For want of a covered stage to screen 

 the flowers, you may contrive a small 

 12 



umbrella, or round-spreading cap, either 

 of tin or canvass, nine or ten inches 

 diameter, one for each plant, having a 

 socket in the middle, to receive the tops 

 of the support-sticks. Those umbrellas 

 which are formed of tin are the best; 

 but, if you make them of canvass, first 

 make little round frames, having the 

 rim formed with slips of wire, cane, &c., 

 the above width, with cross slips of the 

 same materials, contriving a socket of 

 lead or tin in the middle, for the support- 

 stick to go quite through, as just observed; 

 and upon these frames paste or sew 

 canvass, which paint with oil-colour. 

 Either covers are placed over the flowers 

 by running the support-stick up through 

 the hole, or socket, in the middle, and 

 resting the cap upon a piece of wire or 

 peg, put across through holes in the 

 stick at such a height from the flower 

 as to screen it from the sun and rains. 



Give attention to continue to tie up 

 neatly the flower-stalks of the plants as 

 they advance in stature. When they 8,re 

 arrived at their full height, support 

 them erect at top with wires, having a 

 small eye, or ring, at one end, for the re- 

 ception of the flower-stalk ; so put the 

 other end into holes made in the sup- 

 port-sticks. These wires should be five 

 or six inches long, and several holes are 

 made in the upper part of the sticks ; 

 the first at the height of the bottom of 

 the flower-pod, the other above that, an 

 inch or two distant ; and place the wires 

 in the holes lower or higher, that the eye 

 or ring may be just even with the case 

 of the calyx, to support the flower in an 

 upright position ; and, by drawing the 

 wire less or more out, the flower is pre- 

 served at such distance from the support 

 as shall seem necessary to give it proper 

 room to expand ; and if two or three of 

 the like wires are placed also in the lower 

 parts of the support-sticks, placing the 

 stem of the flowers also in the eye of 

 the wires, all the tyings may be cut away. 



To have as large flowers as possible, 

 clear off all side-shoots from the flower- 

 stem, suffering only the main or top-buds 

 to remain to flower. 



When the flowers begin to open, attend- 

 ance should be given to promote their 

 regular expansion, they being apt to burst 

 open on one side ; and, unless assisted 

 by a little art, as by India-rubber rings 

 already noticed, the flower will become 

 very irregular. Therefore, attending 



