CAB 



C 178 ] 



CAB 



every day at that period, observe, as soon 

 as the calyx begins to break, to cut it a 

 little open at two other places in the in- 

 dentings at top, with narrow-pointed 

 scissors, that the openings may be at 

 equal distances, observing if one side of 

 any flower comes out faster than another, 

 to turn the pot about, that the other side 

 of the flower be next the sun, to assist 

 the more regular expansion of the flower. 



Likewise, to bloom any flowers as spread- 

 ing as possible, place paper collars round 

 the bottom of the flower, on which to 

 spread the petals to their utmost ex- 

 pansion. These collars are made of stiff 

 white paper, cut circular, about three or 

 four inches diameter, having a hole in 

 the middle, to receive the bottom of the 

 petals withinside of the calyx, the leaves 

 of which are made to spread flat for its 

 support; and then spread or draw out 

 the petals upon the collar to their full 

 width and extent, the longest undermost, 

 and the next longest upon these, and so 

 of the rest quite to the middle, observing 

 that the collar must nowhere appeal- 

 wider than the flower when they begin to 

 burst. 



Diseases. These plants are subject to 

 the mildew; and, when it is not checked 

 in time, it not only destroys the plants 

 it first appears on, but will, in time, 

 spread to the whole stock As soon as 

 it is observed, sprinkle the affected plants 

 with sulphur, and keep the air inside the 

 frames as dry as possible. The black 

 spot is only mildew in a severer form. 

 Cut off" the leaf on which it appears, and 

 treat as for mildew. 



Insects. The great enemy is the wire- 

 worm, which eats away the inside of the 

 stem, and destroys the plant. Search 

 for it in the soil previously to using, and 

 bury there, after the plants are potted in 

 the blooming-pots, some slices of pota- 

 toes. Examine these daily, and destroy 

 the wire-worms you may find in the 

 baits. The greenfly, also, attacks carna- 

 tions, sometimes even in the frames. 

 These are easily destroyed by fumigating 

 with tobacco-smoke. When the plants 

 are blooming they sometimes appear. 

 Destroy them then by sprinkling with 

 Scotch snuff. The red spider is often 

 troublesome in dry springs. The best 

 icemedy is washing every leaf with a 

 small sponge, repeating the operation till 

 the plants are quite cleared. 



CAEOLI'NEA. Pachira. (Named after 



Sophia Caroline, Margravine of Baden. 

 Nat. ord., Sterculiads [Sterculiacese]. 

 Linn., 16-Monadelphia 8-Polyandria. Al- 

 lied to Adansonia.) 



Stove trees. Cuttings of ripened wood in sand, 

 under a bell-glass, in heat ; rich, loamy soil. 

 Summer temp., 60 to 85 ; winter, 50 to 55. 

 C. a'lba (white). 20. July. Brazil. 1817- 



insi'gnis (showj). 20. Red. W. Ind. 1796- 



mi' nor (less). 20. Red, yellow, green. JuJy. 



Guiana. 1/98. 



pri'nceps (princely). 30. Red. yellow, green. 



W. Ind. 1787. 



CARPI' NUS. Hornbeam. (From car, the 

 Celtic for wood, and pix, a head ; in refer- 

 ence to the wood being used to make the 

 yokes of oxen. Nat. ord., Hastworts [Co- 

 rylacese]. Linn., 5-Pwtandria l-Mono- 

 gynla.} 



C, be'tulut is the only one of the Hornbeams 

 that is of much use or ornament ; it is one of the 

 best nurse-plants in young plantations, and for 

 making fast-growing hedges. Hardy deciduous 

 trees. Seeds sown when ripe, or kept in dry sand, 

 until the following spring ; suckers and layers for 

 the varieties ; layers for the common plants ; but 

 they are inferior to plants raised from seed. Com- 

 mon soil. 

 C. America'na (American). 20. N, Amer. 1812. 



bc'tulus (common). 30. March. Britain. 

 inci'sa (cut- tear vd). 15. March. 



quercifo'lia (oak-leaved). SO. May. Eu- 

 rope. 



variega'ta (variegated). 20. March. 



Britain. 



au'rea - variega'ta (golden - variegated- 



leaved). 20. March. 1845. 



orienta'lis (eastern). 12. Levant. 1739. 



CARPOCAPSA POMONELLA. The Codlin 

 Moth. 



Every grower of the apple knows how 

 liable his fruit is to be ''worm-eaten." 

 He finds basketsful of " windfalls " even 

 in the calmest weather, and that the 

 cause of the loss is a small grub, which 

 has fed upon the pulp of the fruit ; but 

 how, when, or where these grubs got 

 there he has not the slightest notion. 

 As it is one of the most injurious of in- 

 sects to one of our most useful of fruits, 

 we shall give more full particulars than 

 usual, borrowing them chiefly from Mr. 

 Westwcod's essay in the Gardeners' Ma- 



