CAR 



[ 179 ] 



CAR 



gazine, iv. 235, N. S. The grub in ques- 

 tion is the larva of the Codlin Moth, 

 Carpocapsa pomonella of some entomolo- 

 gists, but Tinea pomonella, Pyralis po- 

 inona, and Tortrix pomoniana of others. 

 It is upon the pulpy parts of the apple 

 that the grub chiefly feeds. When, how- 

 ever, it has nearly attained its full size, 

 it feeds on the pips of the apple, which, 

 thus attacked in its most vital part, soon 

 falls to the ground. No sooner is the 

 apple fallen, than the grub quits the fruit 

 by the passage which it had previously 

 gnawed. A hundred apples may be 

 opened, and not more than two or three 

 larvae observed within them ; the orifice 

 by which they have escaped being open, 

 and not concealed by a little mass of 

 brown grains, which is the case with 

 those apples from which the larva has not 

 made its escape. These little grains are 

 the excrement of the larvae, which are 

 also to be seen in the burrows formed by 

 them within the apple. The grub is of 

 a dirty-white colour, with a brown head, 

 varied with darkish-brown marks. The 

 body is slightly hairy ; the first segment 

 after the head is whitish, with minute 

 brown spots ; the other segments are of a 

 pale colour, with about eight small tu- 

 bercles on each ; each of the three ante- 

 rior segments is furnished with a pair of 

 legs ; and there are a pair of feet at the 

 extremity of the body. In its early state 

 it is of a dirty-reddish or flesh colour. 

 The caterpillar wanders about on the 

 ground till it finds the stem of a tree, up 

 which it climbs, and hides itself in some 

 little crack of the bark. The fall of the 

 apple, the exit of the grub, and its wan- 

 dering to this place of safety usually take 

 place in the night-time. It gnaws away 

 the bark a little, and, having made a 

 smooth chamber, spins a little milk-white 

 silken case, in which, after a few weeks, 

 it becomes a chrysalis ; and in this state 

 it remains through the winter, and until 

 the following June, when the moth comes 

 forth, and is to be seen hovering round 

 the young apples on a midsummer even- 

 ing. The moth itself, of which we give 

 a cut, of the natural size and magnified, 

 is a very beautiful insect, about three- 

 quarters of an inch in expanse: fore 

 wings ashy-brown, with very numerous, 

 rather obscure, darker, transverse streaks, 

 united into a broadish band towards the 

 base, giving them a damasked appear- 

 ance. On the hind border of the fore 



wings is a large reddish-brown patch, 

 spotted, and surrounded with a golden 

 mark. The hind wings reddish-brown, 

 tinged with yellow. The moth lays its 

 eggs in the eyes of the young apples, one 

 only in each, by inserting its long ovipo- 

 sitor (egg-tube) between the divisions of 

 the calyx. As soon as the egg is hatched, 

 the little grub gnaws a hole in the crown 

 of the apple, and soon buries itself in its 

 substance ; and it is worthy of remark, 

 that the rind of the apple, as if selected 

 for the purpose, is thinner here than in 

 any other part, and, consequently, more 

 easily pierced. The apple most com- 

 monly attacked is the codlin. It will be 

 evident, from the preceding details of 

 the habits of this moth, that there are 

 considereable difficulties in the way of its 

 extirpation. It is impossible, for instance, 

 to be aware of the presence of the enemy 

 within the fruit until the mischief is ac- 

 tually completed; and, in like manner, 

 the destruction of the moth, from its 

 small size, and its habit of secreting it- 

 self in crevices of the bark, &c., is 

 equally impracticable. The gathering up 

 of the worm-eaten apples immediately 

 after their fall, and before the enclosed 

 caterpillar has had time to escape, can- 

 not but be attended with good effect: 

 care, however, must be taken to destroy 

 the larvae, which would otherwise very 

 speedily make their escape. The cocoons, 

 also, may be destroyed in the chinks of 

 the bark during the autumn and winter. 

 (The Cottage Gardener, ii. 63.) 



CARPODE'TES. (From karpos, a fruit, 

 and rfe/os,tied ; the fruit, or capsule, is as 

 much constricted as if tied in the mid- 

 dle. Nat. ord., Amaryllids [Amaryllida- 

 cese]. Linn., Q-Hexandria 1-Monogynia. 

 Allied to Eucrosia and Liperiza.) 



C. recurva'fa (bent-back), a purplish, long- 

 necked bulb, with purplish-yellow flowers, from 

 Peru, where it is called by the natives Chicfnian- 

 huaita, constitutes this genus. It requires the 

 same treatment as Coburgia. 



CAKPODO'NTOS. (From karpos, fruit, and 

 odontos, toothed; in reference to the 

 toothed ends of the fruit-cells. Nat. ord., 

 Tutsans [Hypericacese]. Linn., 13-Poly- 

 andria 6-Pentagynia.) 



Greenhouse shrub. Cuttings of small side- 

 shoots in sand, under a bell-glass, in April ; peat 

 ard loam. Summer temp., 55 to 70; winter, 

 40 to 45. 



C. lu'cida (shining). 20. White. N. Holland. 

 1820. 



CARPODI'SCUS, Sweet Fishamin. (From 



