CAK 



[ 182 ] 



CAS 



k&ryim, a nut, and ophyllon, a leaf; in re- 

 ference to the appearance of the flower- 

 buds, or Cloves of commerce. Nat. orcl., 

 Myrtleblooms [Myrtacese]. Linn., 12- 

 Icosandria \-Monoyynia.) 



The powerful scent of Cloves, or flower-buds of 

 C. aroma' ticus, arises from a volatile oil contained 

 in the pellucid dots in the leaves and other parts 

 of the bark. Dotted leaves are one of the peculiar 

 characteristics of this, the most natural order of 

 plants-^ The flower-buds of Calyptranthes are as 

 Ood a spice as those of the Ciove-tree. Stove- 

 tree. Cuttings of firm shoots, with leaves on, in 

 heat, under elass. Summer temp., 60 to 86; 

 winter 55 to 60. 



C. aroma'ticus (aromatic). 20. Yellowish-white. 

 Moluccas. 1797. 



CARYO'TA. (From karyon, a nut. The 

 Greeks first applied this name to their 

 cultivated Date. Nat. ord., Palms [Pal- 

 macese]. Linn., 2i-Moncccia 9-Po/i/an- 

 rfria.) 



A noble member of a noble family of plants, 

 most valuable to the natives of the countries they 

 inhabit, C. u'rens furnishing si highly nutritious 

 sago, besides abundance of palm-wine, or toddy. 

 Stove trees. Seeds ; rich, sandy loam and neat. 

 Summer temp., 60 to 85 ; winter, 50 to 55. 

 C. ho'rrida (horrid). 20. S. Amer. 1823. 



mi'tis (mild). White. China. 1820. 



u'rens (stinging). 20. White. E. Ind. 1788. 



CASCADE, or WATERFALL, is agreeable 

 only when properly associated with the 

 scenery around. That association is a 

 bold, broken ground, and a dense planta- 

 tion of trees. Nothing is more misplaced 

 or tasteless than a sheet of water falling 

 into another uniform collection of water, 

 in an open, uuwooded plain. Mr. Whate- 

 ley justly observes, that a rill cannot pre- 

 tend to any sound beyond that of a little 

 waterfall. The roar of a cascade belongs 

 only to larger streams ; but it may be in- 

 troduced by a rivulet to a considerable 

 degree, and attempts to do more have 

 generally been unsuccessful : a vain am- 

 bition to imitate nature in her great 

 extravagances betrays the weakness of 

 art. Though a noble river throwing 

 itself headlong down a precipice be an 

 object truly magnificent, it must be con- 

 fessed, that in a single sheet of water 

 there is a formality which its vastness 

 alone can cure ; but the height, not the 

 breadth, is the wonder. When it falls 

 no more than a few feet the regularity 

 prevails ; and its effect only serves to ex- 

 pose the vanity of atfecting the style of a 

 cataract in an artificial cascade. It is 

 less exceptionable if divided into several 

 parts, for then each separate part may be 

 wide enough for its depth ; andj in the 



whole, variety, and not greatness, will ba 

 the predominant character. But a struc- 

 ture of rough, large, detached stones 

 cannot easily be contrived of strength 

 sufficient to support a great weight of 

 water. It is sometimes, from necessity, 

 almost smooth and uniform ; and then 

 it loses much of its effect. Several little 

 falls in succession are preferable to one 

 greater cascade, which, in figure or in 

 motion, approaches to regularity. 



When greatness is thus reduced to 

 number, and length becomes of more 

 importance than breadth, a rivulet vies 

 with a river ; and it more frequently runs 

 in a continued declivity, which is very 

 favourable to such a succession of falls. 

 Half the expense and labour which are 

 sometimes bestowed on a river to give it, 

 at the best, a forced precipitancy in any 

 one spot only, would animate a rivult t 

 through the whole of its course ; and, 

 after all, the most interesting circum- 

 stance in falling waters is their animation. 

 A great cascade fills us with surprise ; 

 but all surprise must cease ; and the 

 motion, the agitation, the rage, the froth, 

 and the variety of the water are finally 

 the objects which engage the attention. 

 For these a rivulet is sufficient ; and 

 they may there be produced without 

 that appearance of effort which raises a 

 suspicion of art. To obviate such a 

 suspicion, it may sometimes be expedient 

 to begin the descent out of sight; for the 

 beginning is the difficulty. If that be 

 concealed, the subsequent falls seem but 

 a consequence of the agitation which 

 characterises the water at its first appear- 

 ance ; and the imagination is, at the 

 same time, let loose to give ideal extent 

 to the cascades. 



CASEA'RIA. (Named after J. Casearius, 

 the coadjutor of Eheede in producing 

 the If art us Malabaricus. Nat. ord., Sa- 

 myds [Samydacese]. Linn., IQ-Dccandria 

 1-Monogynia.) 



Stove evergreen trees, chiefly valued for their 

 astringent and medicinal qualities. Cuttinors in 

 sand, under a glass, in heat. Light, sandy, fibrv 

 loam. Summer temp., 60 to 80; winter, 50 

 to 60. 



C. hirsu'ta (hairy). 8. Yellow, green. Jamaic*. 

 1825. 



parvifiu'ra (small-flowered). 6. Yellowish- 



preen. S. Amer. 1818. 



parvifu'lia (small-leaved). 6. Yellowish- 



green. Martinique. 1827. 



ramiflo'ra (branch-flowered). 4. Yellowish- 



green. Guiana. 1824. 



terrulu'tu (flue-saw-edged). 6. 



gre?n. Jwuaica. 1313. 



