CAS 



C 185 ] 



CAS 



covering itself with its own excrement, 

 which it attaches together in a mass, and 

 carries on a kind of fork attached to its 

 tail. The pupa is also very Hat, having 

 thin toothed appendages at the sides of 

 the body, with a broad thorax, prolonged 

 forward into a rounded expansion, which 

 covers the head. Tke Cottage Gardener, 

 iii. 317. 



CASSI'NE. (A name given by the North 

 American Indians to a plant now referred 

 to the Holly I' lex Vomito'ria. Nat. ord., 

 Hollyworts [Aquifoliacesej. Linn.,5-PeH- 

 tandria 3-Triqynia.) 



Greenhouse evergreen shrubs ; cuttings of half- 

 ripened shoots in sand, under a glass ; Joam and 

 peat. Summer temp., 60 to 70 ; winter, 40 to 

 45. 



C.&thio'pica (Ethiopian). 5. White. July. 

 Cape of Good Hope. 



ba'rbara (barbarous). 6. White. July. Cape 



of Good Hope. 1818. 



Cape'nsis (Cape Phillyrea). 6. White. July. 



Cap* of Good Hope. 1629. 



colpo'on (colpoon-tree). 6. White. August. 



Cape of Good Hope. 1791. 



e*ce / tea(tall). 18. White. June. Nepaul. 1820. 



Mauroce'nia (Morosini's. Hottentot cherry). 



5. White. August. Cape of Good Hope. 

 1690. 



oppositifo'li* (opposite-leaved). 5. White. 



CASSI'NIA. Named after Cassini, a 

 French botanist. Nat. ord., Composites 

 [Asteraceee]. Linn., IQ-Syngenesia 5- 

 Seyregata. Allied to Amobium.) 



The annual by seed, in March ; the others by 

 dividing at the roots, and cuttings of half-ripened 

 shoots, in sand, in April; loam and peat. Sum- 

 mer temp., 55 to 70 ; winter, 45 to 50 

 C. affi'nis (allied). 2. May. N. Holland. 1820. 

 Greenhouse evergreen. 



eM'rm (golden). 1. Yellow. July. N. Holland. 



1803. Greenhouse herbaceous perennial. 



denticula'ta (small-tocthed). Pale yellow. 



Australia. 1826. Greenhouse evergreen. 

 leptophy'lla (slender-leaved). 2. White. Au- 

 gust. New Zealand. 1821. Greenhouse 

 evergreen. 



longifo'lia (long-leaved). 2. May. N. Holland. 



1822. Greenhouse evergreen. 



fptcio'sa (showy). N. 8. Wales. Greenhouse 



herbaceous perennial. 



"Gpecta'hiliii (showy annual). 6. Yellow. July. 

 N. Holland. 1818. Hardy annual. 



CASTA'NEA. Chestnut. (From a town 

 of that name in Thessaly. Nat. ord., 

 Mtistworts [Corylaceae]. Linn., 21-Mo- 

 ncecia 9-Polyandria.) 



Hardy deciduous trees, except C. Fndica; seeds 

 pathered in autumn, preserved in dry sand, and 

 sown m March ; deep, sandy loam ; varieties by 

 grafting. 



C. America'na (American). 50. Green. May. 

 America. 



Chine'ngis (China). 50. Green. May. China. 



chrysophy'lla (golden-leaved). Mexico, 1848. 



C. I'ndica (Indian). 40. E. Ind. 1827. Store 

 evergreen. 



pu'mila (dwarf). 12. Green, yellow. July. 



N. Amer. 1699. 



ve'sca (Spanish edible). 50. Green. June. 



England. 

 asptenifo'lia (asplenium - leaved). 50. 



Green. May. Europe. 

 cochlea'ta (spiral). Green. May. 



coralli'na-vuriega'ta (coral-variegated). 



Green. May. 1846. 



cuculla'ta (hooded). Green. May, 1846. 



fo'liis-au'reis (golden-leaved). 50. Green. 



June. 



gin 1 bra (smooth-tea wd). Green. May. 



gluu'ca (milky-green). Green. June. 



lu'cida (shining-feaued). Green. May. 



1846. 

 me'di/i (intermediate). 50. Green. June. 



Europe. 



Pri'ncei (Prince's). Green. May. 18*6. 



pu'mila (dwarf). Green. May. 1846. 



variegafta (variegated-teaued). Green. 



May. 



CHESTNUT (SPANISH, or SWEET). This, 

 the Casta'nea ve'sca of the above genus, in 

 the southern parts of England is culti- 

 vated for its fruit, as well as for the value 

 of its timber, which is in good esteem. 

 There are several varieties in cultivation 

 in this country, and, of course, many in 

 France and Italy. About twenty foreign 

 varieties may be found in the catalogue 

 of the Horticultural Society; but the 

 Downton, and the Prolific, or Devonshire, 

 are, at present, most esteemed, probably 

 as being somewhat hardier, and therefore 

 well adapted to our climate, which is not 

 capable of producing the fruit in that 

 high degree of perfection of which it is 

 susceptible in the warm and bright cli- 

 mates of Spain, Portugal, and France. 

 The Chataigne Exalade has been sug- 

 gested as particularly eligible for the 

 dwarfing-system in a small garden. 



Propagation. The better sorts are pro- 

 pagated by grafting on the ordinary 

 chestnut of our nurseries, which is raised 

 from seed. 



Soil and Culture. An? free upland 

 soil is adapted to its culture, provided it 

 is dry beneath, and not too adhesive. 

 For the dwarfing-system we recommend 

 the platform mode, allowing only half a 

 yard in depth of soil. Little if any prun- 

 ing is necessary, the fruit being all pro- 

 duced in clusters on the extremities of 

 the shoots. No other culture is neces- 

 sary ; but a warm situation is of much 

 importance. 



Frwt-steds, how to keep. It is almost 

 needless to observe that chestnuts are 

 generally eaten roasted, mostly with a 

 little salt. They are also stewed in 



