DRY 



310 



DUN 



a dry situation, and equal portions of loam, peat, 

 and rough sand. 



D. spino'xa (pricklv). |. Pale blue. June. 



Italy. 17/5. 



DRY-STOVE is a hothouse devoted to 

 the culture of such plants as require a 

 high degree of heat, but a drier atmo- 

 sphere than the tenants of the Bark-stove. 

 Consequently, fermenting materials and 

 open tanks of hot-water are inadmissible ; 

 but the sources of heat are either steam 

 or hot-water pipes or flues. See STOVE. 



DUBBING is a gardener's term for clip- 

 ping. The dubbings of a hedge are the 

 parts clipped off with the shears. 



DUCK'S-FOOT. Podophy'llum. 



DUMA'SIA. (Named after M. Dumas, 

 one of the editors of Annales des Sciences 

 Naturelles. Nat. ord., Leguminous Plants 

 [Fabacese].. Linn., 17 -Diadelphia &- 

 candria. Allied to Clitoria.) 



Greenhouse evergreen twiners, from Nepaul, 

 both introduced in 1824. Seeds sown in a hot- 

 bed, in spring; cuttings of young shoots getting 

 firm, umier a glass, and in sand, in a little bot- 

 tom-bent, in April; sandy peat and fibry loam. 

 Summer temp., 65 to 75 ; winter, 45 to 50. 



E. pube'scens (downy). 6. Yellow. October. 

 vitlo'sa (long-haired). 6. Pale yellow. Oc- 

 tober. 



DUMB-CANE. Cala'dium Seyui'mtm. 



DUMERI'LIA. (In honour of Constant 

 Dumeril, a French naturalist. Nat. ord. 

 Composites [Asteracese]. Linn., 19-Syn- 

 genesia I-^Squalis.) 



Stove evergreen shrub. Cuttings in sandy soil 

 under a hell-glass ; sandy loam. Summer temp. 

 60 to 80; winter, 45 to 55. 

 D. panicula'ta (panicled). 3. Purple. August 

 Columbia. 1825. 



DUNG. Under this title our attention 

 must be confined to the fseces and urines 

 of animals, and that one most common 

 compound, stable-dung. 



Night-soil is the richest of these ma 

 nures. It is composed of human faeces 

 and urine, of which the constituents are 

 as follows : Fceces. Water, 73.3 ; vege 

 table and animal remains, 7 ; bile, 0.9 

 albumen 0.9 ; peculiar and extractive 

 matter, 1.2 ; salts (carbonate of soda 

 common salt, sulphate of soda, ammonia 

 phosphate of magnesia, and phosphate 

 of lime), 2.7 ; insoluble residue, 14.0 

 Urine. Urate of ammonia, 0.298 ; sal 

 ammoniac, 0.459 ; sulphate of potash 

 2.112; chloride of potassium, 3.674 

 chloride of sodium (common salt) 

 15.060; phosphate of soda, 4.267; phos 

 phate ot lime, 0.209 ; acetate of soda 



2.770 ; urea and colouring matter, 

 23.640; water and lactic acid, 47.511. 



After stating the above analyses m 

 his excellent work On Fertilizers, Mr. 

 Cuthbert Johnson proceeds to observe, 

 that the ^ery chemical composition, there- 

 fore, of this compost would indicate the 

 powerful fertilizing effects which it is 

 proved to produce. The mass of easily 

 soluble and decomposable animal matters 

 and salts of ammonia with which it 

 abounds, its phosphate of lime, its carbo- 

 nate of soda, are all by themselves ex- 

 cellent fertilizers, and must afford a 

 copious supply of food to plants. 



The disagreeable smell may be de- 

 stroyed by mixing it with quick-lime, or 

 still better with either chloride or sul- 

 phate of lime ; and if exposed to the at- 

 mosphere in thin layers in fine weather, 

 it speedily dries, is easily pulverized, and 

 in this state may be used in the same 

 manner as rape- cake, and delivered into 

 the furrow with the seed. 



From the experiments of M. Schubler 

 and others, the relative value of night- 

 soil is as follows : 



" If a given quantity of the land sown 

 without manure yields three times the 

 seed employed, then the same quantity 

 of land will produce five times the quan- 

 tity sown when manured with old herb- 

 age, putrid grass or leaves, garden stuff, 

 &c. ; seven times with cow-dung, nine 

 times with pigeon's-dung, ten times with 

 horse-dung, twelve times with human 

 urine, twelve times with goafs-dung, 

 twelve times with sheep's-dung, and four- 

 teen times with human manure or bul- 

 lock's blood. But if the land be of such 

 quality as to produce without manure 

 five times the sown quantity, then the 

 horse-dung manure will yield fourteen, 

 and human manure nineteen and two- 

 thirds the sown quantity." 



Fowl-dung, if composed partly of that 

 of the duck, which is a gross feeder, is 

 nearly equal to guano. This and that of 

 the pigeon contain much ammonia, and 

 all abound in phosphate of lime, mixed 

 with decomposing organic matters and 

 uric acid, all highly valuable as fertilizers. 



Stable or Farm-yard Dung is usually 

 composed of the following matters: 

 Horse-urine. Water and mucus, 94; car- 

 bonate of lime, 1.1 ; carbonate of soda, 

 0.9 ; hippurate of soda, 2.4 ; chloride of 

 potassium, 0.9 ; urea, 0.7. But besides 

 the above, it contains common salt, phos- 



