FAL 



[ 343 ] 



FEL 



(Named after Fa/A-, a Swedish 

 botanist. Nat. ord., Bindweeds [Convol- 

 vulaceffi]. ~Linn.,5~Pentandria I-Diyynia.) 

 Greenhonse evergreen creeper. Cuttings under 

 a hand-glass, in sandy peat, in April or May ; 

 peat and loam. Winter temp., 35 to 45. 

 F. refpens (creeping). $. Pink. July. Cape 

 of Good Hope. 17/4. 



FALL OF THE LEAF. Dr. Lindley 

 thus explains this phenomenon : In the 

 course of time a leaf becomes incapable 

 of performing its functions ; its passages 

 are choked up by the deposit of sedi- 

 mentary matter ; there is DO longer a 

 free communication between its veins 

 and the wood and liber. It changes 

 colour, ceases to decompose carbonic 

 acid, absorbs oxygen instead, gets into a 

 morbid condition, and dies; it is then 

 thrown off. This phenomenon, which 

 we call the fall of the leaf, is going on 

 the whole year. Those trees which lose 

 the whole of their leaves at the approach 

 of winter, and are called deciduous, be- 

 gin, in fact, to cast their leaves within a 

 few weeks after the commencement of 

 their vernal growth ; but the mass of 

 their foliage is not rejected till late 

 in the season. Those, on the other 

 hand, which are named evergreens, 

 part with their leaves much more 

 slowly ; retain them in health at the time 

 when the leaves of other plants are 

 perishing ; and do not cast them till a 

 i-ew spring has commenced, when other 

 trees are leafing, or even later. In the 

 latter class, the function of the leaves 

 is going on during all the winter, al- 

 though languidly; they are constantly 

 attracting sap from the earth through the 

 spongelets, and are therefore in a state 

 of slow but continual winter growth. 



FALLOWING is needless where there is 

 a due supply of manure, and a sufficient 

 application of the spade, fork, and hoe 

 to the soil. Fallowing can have no other 

 beneficial influence than by destroying 

 weeds, aiding the decomposition of of- 

 fensive exuviae, exposing the soil to the 

 disintegrating influence of the air, and 

 accumulating in it decomposing matter. 

 Now all these effects can be produced by 

 judicious manuring, and a constant ap- 

 plication of the hoe and fork. 



FALSE BLOSSOM is the very erroneous 

 name applied sometimes to the male 

 flowers, which, containing only stamens, 

 do not produce fruit, yet are essential tor 

 causing fruitfulness in what gardeners 



call the true blossoms which contain the 

 pistils. 



FAN PALM. Co'rypha. 



FARA'MEA. (The derivation has not 

 been explained ; probably a commemo- 

 rative one. Nat. ord., Cinckonads [Cin- 

 chonacese]. Linn., 8-Triandria \-Muno~ 

 yynia. Allied to the Coffee-tree.) 



A sweet-scented stove evergreen bush, long 

 known in our gardens as Tetrame'rium. Cut- 

 tings of firm young shoots in May, in sand, 

 under a bell-glass, in bottom-heat ; peat and loam, 

 both fibry, with silver-sand, and lumps of charcoal. 

 F. odorati'ssima (most-fragrant). 6. White. 

 W. Ind. 1793. 



FARINA, a name for the pollen or fer- 

 tilizing dust produ 'ed by the anthers, or 

 male organs, of a flower. 



FARM-YARD MANURE. See DUNG. 



FARSE'TIA. (Named after Farseti, an 

 Italian botanist. Nat. ord., Crucifurs 

 [Brassicaceae], Linn., Ib-Tetradynamia. 

 Allied to Alyssum.) 



Hardy annuals sow in border, in March or 

 April ; hardy perennials, by division and seeds ; 

 half-hardy evergreens, by cuttings under a hand- 

 light, in May, in sandy loam. Sandy loam ; good 

 for rock-works and mounds. The half-hardy 

 should have the protection of a pit in winter. 



HARDY. 



F. cheiranthifo'lia (wallflower-leaved). 1. Yel- 

 low. July. Levant. 18)8. Annual. 



clypea'ta (buckler-podded). l. Ye'low. July. 



South Europe. 1596. Herbaceous per- 

 ennial. 



HALF-HARDY EVERGREENS. 

 F. cheiranthoi'des (stock-like). 1. White, purple. 

 July, Levant. 1788. 



erioca'rpa (woolly-fruited). 1. Yellow. July. 



Greece. 1820. 



lunanoi'dcs (lunaria-like). 1. Yellow. July. 



Archipelago. 1731. 



suffrutico'sa (sub-shrubby). 1. Violet. April. 



Persia. 1823. 



FASCICLE is the name applied to flowers 

 on small stalks variously sub- divided and 

 attached to one flower-stem, and collected 

 into a close bundle, level at the top, as in 

 the Sweet William. 



FEABERRY. A local name for the 

 Gooseberry. 



FEATHERS. See ANIMAL MATTERS. 



FE'DIA. (A word of unknown origin. 

 Nat. ord., Valerianworts [Valerianace;v]. 

 Linn., 2-Diandria \-Monogynia. Allied 

 to Centranthus.) 



Hardy annuals. Seeds in the open border, 

 in April. 



F. cornur.o'piee (cornucopia-/ru7/?d). 1. Red. 

 July. South Europe. 1/96. 



graciliftu'ra (slender-flowered). . Pink. July. 



Algiers. 



FELI'CIA. (From felix, bappy; from 

 their cheerful appearance. Nat. ord., 



