FER 



[ 318 ] 



Shady place, and the Fern seed be scat- 

 tered upon them, and then be covered 

 with a hand-glass, the seed will germi- 

 nate, and the stones will be covered with 

 Ferns. For the more rare kinds a little 

 extra care will be necessary. Sow them 

 upon rough pieces of dead turf, place 

 them under a hand-glass, in a situation 

 where they can have a close, warm, moist 

 atmosphere ; a cold frame, kept close in 

 summer, will answer admirably. 



Culture. Hardy Ferns are found in 

 various situations, and, consequently, re- 

 quire various modes of treatment. Some 

 grow on rocks in exposed situations; 

 others in boggy, moist ground ; some grow 

 on hedge-banks and shady woods, whilst 

 others, again, grow near waterfalls, where 

 the spray keeps them constantly moist. 

 To succeed in cultivating all these in one 

 place, an approximation must be made to 

 the circumstances in which they are 

 found wild. A low, moist soil, at the foot 

 of a bank of rock-work, will suit those 

 found in a similar situation ; the lower 

 part of rock will suit those found on 

 hedge-banks. Those found in shady 

 woods may be planted on the north side 

 of the rock-work, near to the ground ; 

 whilst those that grow wild on exposed 

 rocks, or old walls, may be placed near 

 the top of the rock-work in chinks be- 

 tween the stones. The most difficult to 

 manage are those found within the reach 

 of the spray of a waterfall. The only 

 way to succeed tolerably with these is to 

 place them so .as they can be covered 

 with a hand-glass in the shady side of the 

 rock, and to keep them moist by sprink- 

 ling them every day through the rose of 

 a watering-pot, protecting them in winter 

 by a covering of matting thrown over the 

 hand-glass in frosty weather. 



FERRA'RIA. (Named after Ferrari, an 

 Italian botanist. Nat. ord., Irlds [Irida- 

 cese]. Linn., IQ-Monudelphia 1-Tri- 

 andria. Allied to Pardanthus.) 



Very dwarf bulbs, from the Cape of Good Hope. 

 Seeds sown when ripe, or kept dry until the follow- 

 ing spring ; offsets, which are plentifully produced ; 

 sandy loam and a little peat; bulbs to be kept 

 dry after the leaves have withered ; fresh potted 

 when they begin to move, and then supplied -with 

 moisture. If planted on a warm border, placed 

 at least six inches deep, and the soil and young 

 shoots protected from frost, they may be grown 

 in the open ground. 



F. angustifo'tia (narrow- leaved). 4. Brown. 

 June. 1825. 



anthero'sa (/arg^-anthered). . Green, brown. 



June. 1800. 



atra'ta (darkened;. . Dark purple. June. 



F. divatica'fa (straggling). . Brown. June. 1825. 



elonsfa'ta (elongated). Dark purple. July. 



Monte Video. 1828. 



obtusifo'lia (blunt-leaved). . Brown. June. 



1825. 



vncina'ta (hooked). . Brown. June. 1825 



undula'ta (w&vy-leaved). $. Green, brown. 



April. 1775. 



FE'RULA. Giant Fennel. (Pliny's name 

 for this plant. Nat. ord., Umbellifem 

 [Apiacese]. Linn., 6-Pentandria Z-Di- 

 gynia. Allied to Heraclettm.) 



The Giant Fennels, like the Cow Parsnips, are 

 peculiarly well fitted to form striking contrasts 

 near water, on banks, or by the recesses of rock- 

 work in gardens, besides their interest as furnish- 

 ing assafoetida from the milky juice of F. Pe'rsica, 

 c. Hardy herbaceous perennials, with yellow 

 flowers, except where otherwise specified. Seed 

 in spring ; common garden-soil. 

 F. ammoni'aca (ammoniac). 6. White. June. 

 Persia. 1831. 



assafae 1 tida (assafoetida). 7 July. Persia. 



campt'stris (field). 3. June. Tauria. 1820.. 



capilla'ris (hair-like). 4. June. Spain. 18'JO. 



Ca'spica (Caspian). 3. July. Caucasus. 18iy. 



commu'nis (common). 13. July. South Ku- 



rope. 15Q7. 



Fcru'lago (Ferulago). 6. July. South Europe. 



gltiu'cu (milky-green). 8. July. Italy. 15y6, 



longifo'lia (long-leaved). 4. July. Siberia. 



1820. 



meoi'des (meum-like). 3. July. Levant. 1810. 



nu'da (naked). 1. July. Siberia. 1821. 



nudicau'lis (naked-stemmed). January. Sicily. 



1825. 



obtusifo'lia ^blunt-leaved). 1. Green. July. 



Greece. 1819. 



orienta'lis (eastern). 3. July. Levant. l/f-Q. 



pauciju'ga (few-paired-Jeaucd). 1$. June. 



Persia. 1830. 



Pe'rsica (Persian). 6. August. Persia. 1782. 



puhe'scens (downy). 1. July. Siberia. 18aO. 



Sibi'rica (Siberian). 4. July. Siberia. 1816. 



Songa'rica (Songarican). August. Siberia. 



1825. 



stri'cta (erect). 2. July. Cape of Good Hope. 



1818. 



sylva'tica (wood). 3. June. Podolia. 182Q. 



<A#rsi/Z</ra(thyrse-flowered). 14. June. Can- 



dia. 1823. 



Tingita'na (Tangier). 8. July. Barbary. 1680. 



villo'sa (shaggy). 1. White. July. N.Amer. 



1824. 



FESTOON. An arch curving downwards, 

 and the most graceful form for training 

 climbers, either out of doors or in the 

 conservatory. 



FESTU'CA. Fescue Grass. A genus of 

 grasses containing some of the best of 

 our pasture-grasses, such as Sheep's 

 Fescue (F. ovi'na), and Hardish Fescue 

 (F. duriu'scula). 



FEVERFEW. Pyre' thrum, 



FEVERWORT. Trio'steum. 



FICA'RIA. Pilewort. (From jieus, a 

 fig ; in reference to the fig-shaped little 

 tubers of the root. Nat. ord., Crowfoots 

 [Rananculacese], Linn., 13-Polyandria 

 6-Polygynidi Allied to Banunculus*) 



