FOR 



355 ] 



FRA 



fresh cowdung ; half a bushel of rime- 

 rubbish, (that from ceilings of rooms is 

 preferable,) or powdered chalk; half a 

 bushel of wood-ashex ; one-sixteenth of 

 a bushel of sand; the last three to be 

 sifted line. The whole to be mixed 

 and beaten together until they form a 

 fine plaister. There is nothing in this 

 compound sufficiently differing from 

 others recommended by his contempora- 

 ries and predecessors to have entitled 

 him to call it his invention. 



FORTUNE' A. (Named in compliment to 

 Mr. Fortune, botanical collector in China. 

 Nat.ord., Jug lands [Juglandacese]. Linn., 

 21-Moncecia 9-Polyandria.) 



A curious plant, with the aspect of a Sumach. 

 By seeds, and probably by grafting on smaller 

 species of the Walnut and Hickory. Likely to 

 prove hardy. 



F. Chine'nsis (Chinese). 30. Green. June. North 

 China. 1844. 



FOTHERGI'LLA. (Named after Dr. 

 Fotkergill. Nat.ord., Witch-Hazels [Ha- 

 marnelidacese]. Linn,, 12-Icosandria 2- 

 Digynia.) 



Hardy little shrubs, from North America ; their 

 white, sweet-scented flowers appearing before the 

 leaves. Seeds, which frequently ripen in this 

 country, sown in spring, in a peat border, or in 

 pans, and transplanted; layers in March and Au- 

 gust ; sandy, moist peat. 

 F. alnifo'lia (alder-leaved). 4. May. 1765. 



acu'ta (&cute-leaved). 4. June. 1/65. 



ma'jor (larger). 4. May. 1/65. 



obtu'sa (blnnt-leaved). 4. June. 1765. 



sero'tina (fate-flowering). 4. August. 1765. 



FOUNTAINS, or, as they are sometimes 

 called, Jets d'cau, s.urpise by their novelty, 

 and the surprise is proportioned to the 

 height to which they throw the water ; 

 but these perpendicular columns of water 

 have no pretence to beauty. The Em- 

 peror fountain at Chatsworth is the most 

 surprising in the world, for it tosses its 

 waters to a height of 267 feet, impelled 

 by a fall from a reservoir 381 feet 

 above the ajutage, or mouth of the pipe 

 from which it rushes into the air. The 

 supply of water, either naturally or ar- 

 tificially, is brought from a higher level 

 than the discharging pipe ; but the water 

 will not rise so high as the level from 

 whence it came, which is owing to the 

 resistance of the air at the discharging 

 point, its own gravity, and the friction oi 

 the sides of the pipe in which it is con- 

 veyed. Whatever be the form in which 

 the water is discharged, if it is designed 

 to throw it up in a perpendicular direc- 

 tion, the pipe must be so narrowed where 



the water issues out as not to be above 

 one-fourth the diameter of the conduct- 

 ing pipe. 



FOURCRO'YA. (Named after M. Four- 

 croy, a celebrated chemist. Nat. ord., 

 Amaryllids [Amaryllidacese]. Linn., 6- 

 Hexandria 1 -Monogynia. Allied to Littsea.) 



Amaryllids reach their maximum grandeur in 

 Fourcro'ya longes'va, whose flower-stem rises to 

 40 feet, whilst that of F. gigante'a does not ex- 

 ceed that of a moderate-sized Agave, and both 

 would thrive in the open air with us in summer. 

 There are only two species introduced. The fol- 

 lowing synonymes belong to F. gigante'a: Fas' - 

 tida, tubero'sa, Cube'nsis, ri'gidu, Austra'lis, Mn~ 

 dugascarie'nsis, and cantu'ta. They are increased 

 by imported seeds, or by suckers. 

 F. gigante'a (gigantic). 20. Green. August. S. 

 Amer. 1690. 



longce'va (long-lived). 40. White. May. 



Mexico. 1833. 



tubiflo'ra (tube-flowered). 1. Green, red. Fe- 



bruary. Mexico. 1852. 

 FOXBANE. Aconi'tum vulpa'ria 

 FOXGLOVE. Digita'lis. 

 FIUCTURES. If an immaterial branch 

 is broken, it is best to remove it entirely ; 

 but it sometimes happens that a stem or 

 branch which cannot be replaced is thus 

 njured, in which case it is advisable to 

 attempt a reduction of the fracture ; and 

 f it be only partial, and the stem or 

 sranch but small, the parts will again 

 unite by being put back into their natural 

 position, and well propped up. The cure 

 may be expected not to succeed if the 

 racture is accompanied with contusion, 

 or if the stem or branch is large ; and 

 even where it succeeds, the woody fibres 

 do not contribute to the union ; but the 

 granular and herbaceous substance only 

 which exudes from between the wood 

 and liber, insinuating itself into all inter- 

 tices, and finally becoming indurated in 

 the wood. Splints extending at least a 

 foot above and below the fracture should 

 be bound very firmly all round, and a 

 plaister of grafting- clay to exclude wet be 

 placed over all, and every precaution, 

 adopted to prevent the surfaces of the 

 wound being moved by the force of the 

 wind. 



FRAOA'RIA. The Strawberry. (From 

 fragrans, perfumed ; in reference to the 

 flavour of the fruit. Nat. ord., JRosewnris 

 [Rosacese]. Linn., 12-Icosandria 1-Mo- 

 nogyuia.) 



Hardy evergreens. Seeds, sown early in a slight 

 hothed, and planted out early, will in many ruses 

 produce fruit in the autumn of the same season. 

 Plants are most easily obtained by detaching the 

 runners. Deep loam suits them. See STRAW- 



