GRA 



[400] 



GRA 



point. It is a common observation of 

 practical men, that the cold nights of au- 

 tumn hasten maturity in many crops ; 

 and this is undoubtedly a fact, and trace- 

 able, we presume, to a cessation of the 

 growing principle, causing thereby a 

 concentration of the energies of the 

 plant. We would say, therefore, beware 

 of too high a temperature during the 

 colouring process, unless accompanied 

 with much solar light, and even then 

 avoid extremes. We would more espe- 

 cially avoid night heat at this period, and 

 would promote a circulation of air night 

 and day. 



Bleeding. This only occurs to the 

 vine from the unhealed surfaces of cuts 

 made after the sap has commenced its 

 motion, and before the leaves are well 

 expanded. A red-hot iron, applied to the 

 bleeding surface until it be charred, will 

 stop the effusion of sap for a time, if not 

 permanently ; and to effect a complete 

 stoppage at once, coat the charred surface, 

 and rub well into it a paste made of lime 

 newly burnt and grease. This hardens 

 and forms an effectual plaister. 



Mr. Knight's plaister we know to be 

 effectual, and is thus composed : 



One-fourth of calcined oyster-shells, 

 beaten to fine powder in a mortar, and 

 three-fourths of cheese, worked together, 

 until they form a sort of paste. This mix- 

 ture, pressed into the pores of the wood, 

 either with the thumb or any other means, 

 will effectually stop the flow of the sap : 

 sometimes a repetition may be necessary, 

 if it is not well forced into the pores. 

 See MILDEW. 



Insects. See ACARUS, APHIS, Coccus, 

 CURCULIO, and THRIPS. 



GRAPXOPHY'LLUM. (From grapho, to 

 write, and phyllon, a leaf ; referring to the 

 markings on the leaves. Nat. ord., 

 dcanllmds [Acanthaceae]. Linn., 2-Di- 

 undria 1-Monogynia. Allied to Belope- 

 rone.) 



Stove evergreen shrub. Cuttings of young 

 shoots, just getting a little firm, and a heel of the 

 older wood at its base, in sand, under a bell-glass, 

 in heat; peat and loam. Summer temp., 55 to 

 75 ; winter, 50 to 55. 



a, horte'nse a'lbum (garden white). Crimson. 

 July. E. Ind. 1815. 



'GRASSES for lawns and grass-plots 

 must be varied according to the nature 

 of the soil, and we know of no more 

 judicious selections than the following, 

 recommended by Messrs. Lawson, of 

 Edinburgh : 



The above mixtures are enough for an 

 acre. Where the ground is overshadowed 

 with trees, both the kinds of Festu'ca 

 should be omitted, and similar quantities 

 of the two kinds of Po'a nemora'lis substi- 

 tuted. The best time for sowing is early 

 in the spring. 



GRASS-PLOT, correctly speaking, is a 

 parterre, or bed of flowers, arranged with 

 grass-turf between them, instead of gravel. 

 It is usually confounded with LAWN, 

 which see. 



GRATI'OLA. Hedge Hyssop. (From 

 gratia, grace; referring to its medicinal 

 virtues. Nat. ord., Figworts [Scrophu- 

 lariaceae]. Linn.,2-Z>iandna l-Monogynia. 

 Allied to Mimulus.) 



Hardy herbaceous plants. Division of the plants 



in spring ; rich, moist soil. Latifo'lia and tetra* 



go'na require the protection of a frame in winter. 



G. au'rea (golden). $. Yellow. June. N. Amer. 



1820. 



latifo'lla (broad-leaved). 1. White. July. 



N. Holland. 1822. 



megaloca'rpa (large-fruited). Pale yellow. 



July. N. Amer. 1828. 



officina'lis (common-shop). 1. Light blue. 



July. Europe. 1568. 



pilo'sa( hairy). White. July. N. Amer. 1827. 



quadridenta'ta (four-toothed). $. White. 



June. N, Amer. 1821. 



tfefrag'o'rta (square-stemmed). 1. Blue. Au- 



gust. Buenos Ayres. 1830. 



Virgi'nica (Virginian). 1. Yellow. August. 



Virginia. 17*9. 



GRAVEL WALKS, like all other walks, 

 require a good substratum of drainage, 

 and the facing about five inches deep of 

 gravel. It must have no stones mixed 

 with it larger than good-sized marbles, 

 and about one-fourth of it must be much 

 finer to fill the interstices. Pit-gravel, 

 with a slight admixture of clay, and the 



