HOE 



[436 ] 



HOL 



teenth of an inch thick. The weight 

 necessary should be thrown by the work- 

 man's arm and body upon the handle; 

 and the thicker the blade, the greater is 

 the pressure required to make it pene- 

 trate the soil. It should be set on the 

 handle at an angle of 68", as this brings 

 its edge at a good cutting angle with the 

 surface of the soil, and the workman soon 

 learns at what point most effectively to 

 throw his weight, and holds the handle 

 further from, or nearer to, the blade, ac- 

 cordingly as he is a tall or short man. 

 Mr. Barnes, of Bicton Gardens, employs 

 nine sized hoes, the smallest having a 

 blade not more than one-fourth of an 

 inch broad, and the largest ten inches. 

 The smallest are used for potted plants 

 and seed-beds, and those from two inches 

 and a half to four inches wide are used 

 for thinning and hoeing among crops 

 generally. These have all handles vary- 

 ing in length from eight inches and a 

 half to eighteen inches, all the neck or 

 upper part formed of iron, for the smaller 

 sizes not thicker than a large pencil, and 

 that part which has to be grasped by the 

 workman is only six inches long, and 

 formed either of willow or some other 

 soft, light wood, which is best to the feel 

 of the hand. Each labourer works with 

 one in each hand, to cut right and left. 

 The blade is made thin, and with a little 

 foresight and activity it is astonishing 

 how much ground can be got over in a 

 short time. 



Mr. Barnes has all his hoes made with 

 a crane neck, as in the accompanying 

 sketch No. 1. The blades broader than 

 four inches Mr. Barnes has made like a 

 Dutch hoe, No. 2. 



No. 1. No. 2. 



The crane neck allows the blade to 

 pass freely under the foliage of any crop 

 where the*earth requires loosening ; and 

 the blade works itself clean, allowing the 

 earth to pass through, as there is no 

 place for it to lodge and clog up as in 

 the old-fashioned hoe, to clean which, 

 t?hen used of a dewy morning, causes 

 the loss of much time. 



The thrust, or Dutch hoe, consists 

 of a plate of iron attached somewhat 



obliquely to the end of a handle by a 

 DOW, used only for killing weeds or loosen- 

 ng ground which is to be afterwards 

 raked. As a man can draw more than 

 can push, most heavy work will be 

 easiest done by the draw-hoe. 



In the island of Guernsey a very effec- 

 tive weeding-prong is used, something in 

 the shape of a hammer, the head flattened 

 into a chisel an inch wide, and the fork 

 the same. The whole length of this 

 prong is nine inches, and it is attached to 

 a staff five feet long. Such an imple- 

 ment is light and easy to use, it requires 

 no stooping, and will tear up the deepest- 

 rooted weeds. 



HOITMANSE'GGIA. (Named after J. C. 

 Hoffmanseyg. Nat. or A., Leguminous Plants 

 [Fabacese]. Linn., IQ-Decandria 1-Mo- 

 nogynia.) 



Stove, yellow, pea-blossomed evergreens. Cut- 

 tings of young shoots in sand, in bottom-heat ; 

 also division of the plant in spring ; peat and loam. 

 Summer temp., 60 to 80 ; winter, 50 to 55. 

 H.falca'ria(sic\i}e-leaved), 2. July. Chili. 1806. 

 prostra'ta (trailing). July. Lima. 



HOHENBE'RGIA. (Named after M. 

 Hohenberg, a German botanist. Nat. ord., 

 Bromelworts [Bromeliaceee]. Linn., 6- 

 Hexandria 1-Monogynia. Allied to Bil- 

 bergia.) 



Stove herbaceous perennial. Suckers, and di- 

 viding the plant ; peat and loam. Summer temp., 

 60 to 85, with plenty of moisture ; winter, 50 

 to 55, and rather dry. When heat and moisture 

 are applied in the spring, the flower-stems will 

 shortly appear, if the plant was well exposed to 

 the sun in summer, and water gradually withheld 

 in autumn. 



H. strobila'cea (coned). Yellow. May. S.Amer. 

 1842. 



HOI'TZIA. (From hoitzil, its Peruvian 

 name. Nat. ord., Phloxworts [Polemoni- 

 acese]. Linn., 5-Pentandria l-Monogynia. 

 Allied to Ipomopsis.) 



Greenhouse evergreen shrubs, from Mexico. 

 Cuttings of half-ripened shoots in sand, under a 

 glass; fibry peat and sandy loam. Winter temp., 

 40 to 4 5. 

 H. caru'lea (blue). 1. Blue. June. 1824. 



cocci'nea (scarlet). 3. Scarlet. 1824. 



glandulo'sa (glanded). 2. Pale red. June, 



1825. 



Mexica'na (Mexican). 3. Scarlet. 1824. 

 HOLAKRHE'NA. (From holos, entire, and 



arrhen, a male ; referring to the anthers. 

 Nat. ord., .Dogbanes [Apocynacese]. Linn., 

 5-Pentandria \-Monogynia. Allied to 

 Alstonia.) 



Stove evergreen. Cuttings of young shoots, as 

 fresh growth has commenced, in sand, under a. 

 bell-glass, and in bottom-heat; peat and loanj. 

 Summer temp., 60 to 80; winter, 48 to 85. 

 H. villo>sa (shaggy), E. Ind. 1820. 



