LIG 



[491 ] 



LIL 



But the benefit sought for is frustrated 

 if that glass be not constantly well 

 cleansed. The best glass, if dirty, 

 allows fewer rays of light to pass through 

 than inferior glass if kept bright. 

 Solar light is essential to the ripen- 

 ing of all fruit : it will not ripen in the 

 dark ; and the greater the light's inten- 

 sity, and the longer its daily endurance, 

 the sweete 1 - and the higher is the fruit's 

 flavour. No fruits are so luscious as 

 those grown within the tropics, and the 

 fruits of the temperate zone are excel- 

 lent in proportion to the brightness of 

 its seasons. That light is essential in 

 causing the colour of the leaves and 

 other parts of plants has been noticed 

 already ; and it aids the ripening process 

 of fruit in a similar manner, to convert 

 their acid and mucilaginous constituents 

 into sugar. How light operates in pro- 

 moting this and other decompositions 

 which are effected by the vegetable organs 

 is, at present, a mystery ; but so it is ; 

 and the gardener promotes its access as 

 much as lies within his power, by re- 

 moving overshadowing leaves, by em- 

 ploying the best glass in his hothouses, 

 and by having their interior whitened; 

 for white surfaces reflect all the rays of 

 light back upon the object those surfaces 

 inclose. 



LIGHTFOO'TIA. (Named after the Rev. 

 J. lAghtfoot, a Scotch botanist. Nat. ord., 

 Bellworts [Campanulacese]. Linn., 5- 

 Pentandria 1-Monogynia. Allied to Ca- 

 narina.) 



Greenhouse blue-flowered evergreens, from the 

 Cape of Good Hope. Cuttings of young shoots 

 in sand, containing a little peat, under a glass ; 

 iibry loam and sandy peat; pots well drained. 

 Winter temp., 38 to 48. 

 L. Lo<Wzy?'su'(Loddige's). f. July. 1822. 



oxycoccoi'des (oxycoccos-like). . July. 1787. 



subula'ta(snvil-leaved). $. August. 1/87. 

 LIGULA'RIA. (From ligula, a strap ; 



referring to the florets. Nat. ord., Com- 

 posites [Asteraceae]. Linn., 19-Syngenesia 

 2-8uperflua. Allied to Arnica.) 



Hardy herbaceous perennials, with yellow 

 flowers, and blooming in June. Seeds, divisions, 

 and cuttings of the young shoots under a hand- 

 light, in a shady corner; sandy loam, with a 

 little leaf-mould. 

 L. Alta'ica ( Altaian). Altaia. 1837. 



Cauca'sica (Caucasian). Caucasus. 1820. 



Sibi'rica (Siberian). Siberia. 1784. 



specio'sa (showy). Siberia. 1818. 



thyrsoi'dea (thyrse-^owered). Altaia. 1837. 

 LIGU'STRUM. Privet. (From ligulare, 



to tie ; referring to the use made of the 

 flexible shoots. Nat. ord., Oliveworts 



[Oleaceae]. Linn., 2-Diandria \-Mono- 

 gyjiia.} 



Shrubs, all with white flowers. Generally by 

 cuttings of the young shoots in sandy loam ; 

 seeds may also be sown, either when ripe, or 

 placed in a rot-heap for a number of months pre- 

 viously. The common kinds are useful for fence", 

 and will grow under trees where scarcely anything 

 else would live; lu'cidum and its variety, and 

 vesti'tum, require a little protection in exposed 

 places. 



HARDY EVERGREENS. 

 L. Japn'nicum (Japanese). June. Japan. 1845. 



lu'cidum (shining). 8. June. China. 1794. 

 florittu'ndum (profuse-flowered). 8. July. 



China. 1794. 



vesti'tum (clothed). April. Nepaul. 1840. 



vulga're chloroca'rpum (common- green-ber- 



ried). 8. June. Britain. 



sempervi'rens (evergreen). 8. June. Italy. 



HARDY DECIDUOUS. 

 L. spica'tum (spike-cowered). 8. June. Nepaul. 



1823. 



vulga're (common). 10. June. Britain. 

 angustifo'lium (narrow-leaved). 8. June. 



Britain. 



leucoea'rpum (white-berried). 8. June. 



Britain. 



variega'tum (variegated). 8. June. Bri- 

 tain. 



xanthoca'rpum (yellow-berried). 8. Au- 

 gust. Italy. 



LILAC. See SYRI'NGA. 



LI'LIUM. The Lily. (From the Celtic 

 li, white. Nat. ord., Lily worts [Uili&cedz]. 

 Linn., Q-Hexandria I-Monogynia.) 



Offsets from the bulbs; also seeds, and, in 

 some cases, small stem-bulbs ; in general, light, 

 rich, sandy loam ; some, however, as those from 

 America and Japan, like the addition of some 

 fibry peat, and the latter are generally the better 

 for a cold pit treatment in winter, though they 

 will do in a bed well-drained. 



GREENHOUSE BULBS. 

 L. a'tro-sangui'neum (dark-blood-coloured). 2. 



Dark red. July. Japan. 1835. 

 macula' turn (spotted). Orange, red. Au- 

 gust. Japan. 



coru'scans (glittering). 2. Scarlet. August. 



exi'mium (splendid). 4. White. July. Japan. 



gigante'um (gigantic). 10. White. July. 



Himalaya. 1852. 



lancifo'lium (spear-leaved). White. June. 



Nepaul. 1824. 



. ro'seum (rosy). White, pink. June. 



Nepaul. 



ro'seum (rose-coloured). 12. Purple. April. 



Missooree. 



specio'sum (showy). 2. Orange. August. 



Japan. 1833. 

 . a'lbum (white-jZotrered). 3. White. July. 



Japan. 1833. 

 Kai'mpferi (Ksempfer's). 3. Rose, 



purple. July. Japan. 1833. 

 puncta'tum (spotted-./?ou>ered). 3. 



White-spotted. July. Japan. 1835. 

 ru'brum (red-flowered). 3. Rose. July. 



Japan. 1833. 



testa'ceum (light brown). 3. Pale orange, 



red-spotted. June. Japan. 1841. 



Thompsonia'num (Dr. Thompson's). 3. Rose. 



April. NuBsooree. 1843. 



