SOI 



[ 742 



SOL 



The quantity of soluble matter obtain^ 

 able from a soil at any one time is very 

 small, seldom exceeding a one-thousandth 

 part of its weight ; and even pure vege- 

 table mould, the debris of entirely putre- 

 fied plants, was found by Saussure to 

 yield only ene-eleventh of soluble matter. 

 This mould was too rich for horticultural 

 purposes, peas and beans grown in it 

 being too luxuriant ; and they were more 

 productive in a soil containing only one- 

 twentieth of organic constituents dissolv 

 able by water. Small in amount, how- 

 ever, as are the soluble constituents of the 

 most fertile soils, they are necessary for 

 the vigorous vegetation of plants; for 

 when a soil is deprived of those consti- 

 tuents by frequent washings with boiling 

 water, it is much less fertile than before. 

 Liebig and others have most illogically 

 concluded, from the smallness of the 

 soluble extract contained in a soil, that 

 it is of small importance, forgetting that 

 as fast as it is taken by the roots of the 

 crop, it is generated again by the decom- 

 position of the animal and vegetable re- 

 mains. This is one reason why fallowing 

 is beneficial. Easily decomposing matters 

 have been exhausted by successive crops ; 

 and by a year's rest, and exposure to the 

 putrefactive agency of the air, the more 

 stubborn and more slowly decomposing 

 matters have time to decay and accumu- 

 late in the soil. 



SOHING-UP. See BASINING-UP and 

 EARTHING-UP. 



SO'JA. (From sooja, the name of a 

 sauce made from the seeds in Japan. 

 Nat. ord., Leguminous Plants [Fabacece]. 

 Linn., YI-Diadelphia k-Decandria. Allied 

 to Dolichos.) 



Clubing annual. Seeds in May, in the open 

 border, or in a slight hotbed in April, and trans- 

 planted. 



8. hi'spida (bristly). 3. Violet. July. E. Ind. 1790. 

 SOLA'NDBA. (Named after Dr. Solander, 

 a Swedish botanist. Nat. ord., Night- 

 shades [Solanacess]. Linn., 5-Pentandria 

 "L-Monogynia.) 



^ Stove evergreen shrubs. Cuttings from flower- 

 ing shoots in open, sandy loam, and in a brisk 

 bottom-heat ; sandy loam, a little fibry peat, and 

 dried nodules of old cow-dung. Winter temp., 

 50 to 60, and almost dry ; summer, 60 to 90, 

 mud plenty of moisture when growing. 

 S. grandiflo'ra (large-flowered). 15. Pale yellow. 

 May. Jamaica. 1781. Climber. 



g*tta'ta (spotted-flowered). 12. Pale yellow. 



Mexico. 1830. 

 ~- Its' vis (sniooth-feawed). 2. White. October. 



nvtida (shining). 20. Yellowish-white. E. Ind. 



1820. 



S. oppositifo'lia (opposite-leaved). 10. White. 

 Ceylon. 1820. 



viridiflo'ra (green-flowered). 3. Green. S. 



Amer. 1815. 



SOLA'NUM. Nightshade. (From solor, 

 to comfort; soothing narcotic effect. 

 Nat. ord., Nightshades [Solanaceoe] 

 Linn., 5-Pentandria 1-Monogynia.) 



All freely by seeds. Annuals, hardy, seeds in 

 the open air; tender, in a hotbed, and trans- 

 planted in June ; herbaceous, by similar means, 

 and division ; shrubby, by similar modes, and 

 cuttings under a bell glass, and requiring the 

 protection of a house and temperature, in pro- 

 portion to the place of which they are natives. 

 See POTATO. 



HARDY ANNUALS. 



S. Mtliio'picum (Ethiopian). l. White. Au- 

 gust. Ethiopia. 1597- 



Fontunesia'num (Fontaine's). Yellow. Au~ 



gust. Brazil. 1813. 



hetera'ndrum (various-stamened). Yellow. 



July. Missouri. 1837. 



heterodo'xum (heterodox). Blue. July. Mexico. 



1820. 



ni'grum (black-4em'<ed).3.White.July.Britain. 

 melanocefrasum (black cherry). 2. White. 



July. Virginia. 1820. 



obtusifo'lium (blunt-leaved). August. 1831. 



rostra'tum (beaked). Yellow. July.Mexico.1 823. 



HARDY HERBACEOUS. 



S. cardiophy'llum (heart-leaved). 1. Cream. June. 

 Mexico. 1846. Tuberous. 



cri' spurn (curled;. 18. Blue. June. Chili. 



1824. Evergreen. 



demi'ssum (humble). l. June. Mexico. 



1846. Tuberous. 



etubero'sum (tuberless). 2. Purple. June. 



Chili. 1833. 



tubero'sum (tuberous. Potato}. 2. White. 



July. Peru. 1597. 



GREENHOUSE ANNUALS. 

 S.fusca'tum (dusky). 1$. Scarlet. June. S. 

 Amer. 1817. 



melonge'na (egg-plant}. Violet. June. E. Ind. 



1597. 

 ovi'gerum (egg-bearing). 2. Blue. June. 



Africa. 1597. 

 fru'ctu-a'lbo (white fruited). 2. Blue. 



June. Tropics. 1597. 

 fru'ctu-lu'teo (yellow-fruited). 2. Blue. 



June. Tropics. 1597. 

 fru'ctu-ru'bro (red-fruited). 2. Blue. 



June. Tropics. 1597. 

 fru'ctu-viola'ceo (violet-fruited). 2. Blue. 



June. Tropics. 1597. 

 escule'ntum (eatable). Blue. August. 



E. Ind. 1815. 



pu'ngens (stinging). Blue, violet. June. N, 



Holland. 1823. 



racemifto'rum (cluster-flowered). 2. White. 



rose. August. S. Amer. 1818. Biennial. 



GREENHOUSE HERBACEOUS. 

 S. campanula'tum (bell-flowered). 1. Blue. June. 

 N. S. Wales. 1836. 



jasminoi'des (jasmine-like). 6. Purple. Au- 



gust. S. Amer. 1838. Climber. 



Tweedia'num (Tweedie's). l. White, purple. 



September. Buenos Ayres. 1833. 



STOVE HERBACEOUS. 



S. cafyci'num (large-c.a.lyxed). 1. Blue. June* 

 Mexico. 1820. 



