STI 



[7593 



STO 



Stove, yellow-flowered evergreens. Cuttings in 

 and, in heat ; sandy, fibry loam, a little peat and 

 charcoal, and also a little brick-rubbish. Winter 

 temp., 50 ; summer, 60 to 75. 

 5. popu'lnea (poplar-like). 14. Ceylon. 1823. 



sebi'fera (tallow-bearing. Tallow - tree} . 10. 



China. 1703. 



STINKING GLADWYN. I'ris foetidi'ssima. 



STI'PA. Feather Grass. (From stipe, 

 feathery, or silky. Nat.ord., Grasses [Gra- 

 minacese]. Linn., 3-Triandria2-Digynia,.) 



Sti'pa penna'ta is the common feather-grass of 

 the seed-shops. All but hu'milis hardy herbaceous 

 perennials ; division and seeds in spring ; common 

 soil. 

 5. Alta'ica (Altaic). July. Altai. 1836. 



capilta'ta (long-haired). 2. July. Europe, 1815. 



confe'rta (crowded). 2. July. 1S1Q. 



gigante'a (giant). 3. July. Spain. 1823. 



hu'milis (lowly). . July. S. Amer. 1802. 



ju'ncea (rush-leaved'). 3. July. France. 1772. 



penna'tu (feathered). 2. July. Britain. 

 STITCHWOBT. Stella'na. 



STOB^'A. (Named after Dr.Stobaus, a 

 Swede. Nat. ord., Composites [Asteracece]. 

 Linn., I9-Synyenesia I-^qtialis. Allied to 

 Gazania.) 



Greenhouse, yellow-flowered evergreens, from 

 the Cape of Good Hope. Cuttings of the points 

 of shoots, when growing, in sand, under a bell- 

 glass ; sandy loam and fibry peat. Winter temp., 

 40 to 48. 

 S. atractyloi'des (atractylis-like). July. 1823. 



pinna'ta (leafleted). 2. June. 1812. 



STOCK AND STOCK-GILLIFOWEB. See 

 MATHI'OLA. 



STOCKS are young trees or shrubs 

 raised from seed, suckers, layers, and 

 cuttings, for the reception of buds or 

 grafts from other trees or shrubs of a 

 kindred species. 



The old gardener's maxim, "the graft 

 overruleth the stock quite," is consonant 

 with truth, though it is to be taken with 

 some reservation. The graft prevails, and 

 retains its qualities ; yet the stock has the 

 power of influencing its productiveness, 

 as well as the quality of the fruit. Thus, 

 a tivie having an expansive foliage and 

 robust growth, indicative of large sap 

 vessels and vigorous circulation, should 

 never be grafted upon a stock oppositely 

 characterised, for the supply of sap will 

 not be sufficient. Illustrations are af- 

 forded by the codlin never succeeding so 

 well on a crab, nor a bigarreau on a wild 

 cherry, as they do on freer-growing stocks. 



The habit of the stock, also, is of much 

 more importance than is usually con- 

 sidered. If it grows more rapidly, or has 

 larger sap vessels than the scion or bud, 

 an enlargement occurs below these ; but 

 .if they grow more rapidly than the stock, 



an enlargement takes place just above 

 the point of union. In either case, the 

 tree is usually rendered temporarily more 

 prolific ; but in the case where the stock 

 grows most slowly, the productiveness is 

 often of very short duration, the supply 

 of sap annually becoming less and less 

 sufficient to sustain the enlarged produc- 

 tion of blossom and leaves. This very 

 frequently occurs to the freer -growing 

 cherries when inserted upon the wild 

 species, and still more frequently to the 

 peach and apricot upon stocks of the 

 slow-growing plums. It is highly im- 

 portant, therefore, to employ stocks, the 

 growth of which is as nearly similar as 

 may be to the parent of the buds or scion. 



The earlier vegetation of the stock than 

 of the bud or graft is also important ; for, 

 if the latter is earliest in development, 

 it is apt to be exhausted and die be- 

 fore the flow of sap has enabled granu- 

 lation and union between the faces of the 

 wounds at the junction to occur. 



Stocks for general use may be used for 

 grafting or budding, when from the size 

 of a good goose-quill to half an inch, or 

 not more than an inch in the part where 

 the graft or bud is to be inserted. Stocks 

 of two or three inches or more in dia- 

 meter, either the stems or branches, are 

 also occasionally grafted or budded with 

 success, but are not proper for general 

 practice. Crab Stocks are all such as are 

 raised from seeds, &c., of any wild un- 

 grafted trees, particularly if of the fruit- 

 tree kind, such as the wild crab apple of 

 the woods and hedges, wild pears, plums, 

 wild cherry, and such other trees as have 

 not been grafted or budded. Free Stocks 

 are such as are raised from the seed, 

 layers, &c., of any of the cultivated varie- 

 ties of fruit-trees and others. Paradise 

 or Doucin stocks are raised from layers 

 or suckers from a dwarf variety of apple, 

 the roots of which are produced nearer 

 to the surface than those from crab 

 stocks. The French Paradise stock is 

 distinguished from all others by its very 

 dwarf growth, its clear chestnut-coloured 

 shoots, and small fibrous roots, which 

 spread near the surface. The English 

 Paradise may be either referred to as the 

 Doucin of the French or the Dutch Para- 

 dise ; for, in English nurseries, trees pro- 

 pagated on either are said to be on para- 

 dise stocks. Of these two the Doucin 

 has the darkest shoots. Their effects on 

 the growth of the trees worked upon 



