STCE 



[760] 



STO 



them are similar, being Intermediate "be- 

 tween the very dwarf habit induced by 

 the French Paradise, and the luxuriant 

 growth induced by the crab or free stocks. 

 JSee GRAFTING and BUDDING. 



STCE'BE. ^From stibas, abed of leaves; 

 those of uEthio'pica so used. Nat. ord., 

 Composites [Asteraceoe]. Linn., 19-8yn- 

 yenesia 5-Seyregata.) 



Greenhouse evergreens, from the Cape of Good 

 Hope. Cuttings of young shoots in sund, under 

 a bell-glass, in May ; fibry, sandy loam and peat. 

 Winter temp., 40 to 45. 

 S. JEthio'pica (Ethiopian). 2. August. 175Q. 



cine'rea (grey). 2. August. 1/84. 



ericoi'des (heath-like). 2. August. 1816. 



rufle'xa (bent-back). 2. August. 1916. 



STOKE'SIA. (Named after Dr. Stokes, 

 an English botanist. Nat. ord., Compo- 

 sites [Asteracese]. Linn., 19-Syngenesia 

 I-^Equalis.) 



Half-hardy evergreen. Seeds, or division of the 

 plant in spring; sandy loam and a little leaf- 

 mould ; requires a little protection in winter. 

 S. cya'nea (azure). 2. Blue. August. Carolina. 1/66. 



STONECROP. Se'dum. 



STONE PINE. Pi'nus pi'nea. 



STOPPING is pinching or nipping off the 

 extremity of a branch, to prevent its fur- 

 ther extension in length. It is frequently 

 done, either to promote its robustness or 

 the production of laterals. 



STORAX. Sty 'rax. 



STORK'S BILL. Pelargo' nium 



STOVES, or HOTHOUSES, are glazed 

 structures, differing from greenhouses 

 chiefly in requiring a higher temperature 

 to be sustained within them, either for 

 forcing fruits or for growing plants from 

 tropical climates. Nearly all that is stated 

 relative to the greenhouse, hotbed, and pit 

 lender the articles MELON and KENDLE'S 

 TANK SYSTEM is applicable to the stove. 

 In addition, relative to glaz- 

 ing, if lapping be permitted, 

 its width should not exceed 

 one-eighth of an inch, and 

 the panes should be acutely 

 rhomboid, to throw the con- 

 densed vapour down to the 

 lower corner, and induce it 

 to trickle down the bars in- 

 stead of dropping. It is 

 very doubtful whether it re- 

 duces the amount of mois- 

 ture taken between the laps 

 by capillary attraction. 



Flues are best built of bricks set on 

 their edges, -and the top formed of a 

 .shallow iron trough for the purpose of 



holding water, andthus keep- 

 ing the air moist as re- 

 quired. At night, for retain- 

 ing heat, pantiles may be 

 placed along within the 

 trough ; the best form is the 

 annexed. 



Hot water in a tank is 

 superior to the same source 

 of heat in pipes, because it 

 is not liable to freeze ; and it is preferable 

 to steam, because, its heating power con- 

 tinues until the whole mass of water is 

 cooled down to the temperature of the 

 house, whereas steam ceases to be gene- 

 rated as a source of heat the moment 

 the temperature falls below 312. If steam 

 be employed, Mr. Tredgold has given the 

 following rules fc: calculating the surface 

 of pipe, the size of the boiler, the quan- 

 tity of fuel, and the quantity of ventilation 

 required for a house thirty feet long and 

 twelve feet wide, with the glass roof eight 

 feet, length of the rafters fourteen feet, 

 and height of the back wall fifteen feet. 

 The surface of glass in this house will be 

 seven hundred and twenty feet superficial, 

 viz., five hundred and forty feet in the 

 front and roof, and one hundred and 

 eighty feet in the ends. Now, half the 

 vertical height, seven feet six inches, 

 multiplied by the length in feet, and 

 added to one and a half times the area 

 of glass in feet, is equal to the cubic 

 feet of air to be warmed in each mi- 

 nute when there are no double doors. 

 That is, 7.5 x 30+ l x 720=1305 cubic 

 feet. But in a house with wooden bars 

 and rafters, about one-tenth of this space 

 will be occupied with wood-work, which, 

 is so slow a conductor of heat that it will 

 not suffer a sensible quantity to escape; 

 therefore 130 feet may be deducted, 

 leaving the quantity to be warmed per 

 minute=1175 cubic feet. 



To ascertain the surface of pipe re- 

 quired to warm any given quantity of air, 

 multiply the cubic feet of air to be heated 

 per minute by the difference between the 

 temperature the house is to be kept at r 

 and that of the external air in degrees of 

 Fahrenheit's thermometer, and divide 

 the product by 2.1, the difference between 

 200, which is the temperature of the 

 steam pipes, and the temperature of the 

 house ; the quotient will be the surfaca 

 of cast-iron pipe required. 



Now, in the house, the dimensions of 

 which are above given, if the lowest 



