TIP 



[782 



TOB 



of the young shoots of the cnrrant, which 

 they attack in the spring. The moth itself 

 is fuscous ; the head with an ochreous 

 tuft ; superior wings bronzed, spotted with 

 purple and yellow. 



T. jMrectella, Socket or Grey-streak 

 Moth, has its hahits and forms thus de- 

 scribed by Mr. Curtis : 



During the middle and latter end of 

 April, as the shoots of the rockets ad- 

 vance, it is found that the leaves adhere 

 firmly together, and those that libe- 

 rate themselves are perforated with large 

 holes. On forcibly opening a shoot (for 

 the young leaves are connected by silken 

 threads), a small green caterpillar of dif- 

 ferent shades, varying with its age, is 

 found in or near the centre, feeding upon 

 the tender leaves, and sometimes a little 

 family of four or five inhabit the same 

 head. The head, feelers, and horns of 

 our little moth are white, the latter with 

 a few black spots near the tips ; the 

 thorax is cream-coloured, the sides brown, 

 upper wings lance-shaped, very pale clay 

 brown, with whitish streaks. Perhaps the 

 best mode of extirpating them would he 

 to search for the young caterpillars be- 

 tween the leaves on the first symptoms 

 of their presence, and extracting them 

 with a small pair of force] is, such as are 

 used for microscopic objects ; but as some 

 might be too minute at that early period 

 to be detected on the first search, this 

 operation must be repeated. Pinching 

 the maggots in the bud is also recom- 

 mended. 



T. corticella. See APPLE. 



TIPULA. Crane -Fly, or Daddy-long- 

 legs. T. oleracea, the grubs, or " leather- 

 jackets," so injurious to the market- 

 gardener, are its larvae. They attack the 

 roots of scarlet beans, lettuces, dahlias, 

 potatoes, &c., from May to August. Dur- 

 ing the last month and September they 

 become pupae. Mr. Curtis observes, that 

 it is said that lime-water will not kill 

 them, and suggests that if quick-lime 

 was scattered on the ground at night, it 

 would destroy them when they come to 

 the surface to feed; and all the gnats 

 that are found on the walls, palings, 

 ground, or elsewhere, should be killed, 

 especially the female, which would pre- 

 vent any eggs being deposited in the 

 ground. A mixture of lime and gas- 

 water, distributed by a watering-pot over 

 grass, has completely exterminated the 

 larvse where they had been exceedingly 



destructive ; and by sweeping the grass 

 with a bag-net, like! an angler's landing- 

 net, only covered with canvass, immense 

 numbers of the gnats might be taken and 

 destroyed. 



TITHO'NIA. (From Tithonus, in mytho- 

 logy, the favourite of Aurora. Nat/ord., 

 Composites [Asteracese]. Linn., 19-Syn- 

 genesia 3-Frustranea. Allied to Helian- 

 thus.) 



Stove, yellow-flowered evergreens, from Mexico. 

 Cuttings of young shoots, little firm at their 

 base, in sand, under a bell-glass, and in a little 

 bottom-heat; rich, sandy, fibry loam. Winter 

 temp., 50 to 55 ; summer, 60 to 80. 

 T. excf'lsa (tall). August. 1824, 



ova'tn (K^.leaned). 4. July. 1828. 



tagetiflo'ra (marigold-flowered). 10. August 



1818. 



TOAD-FLAX. Lina'ria. 



TOBACCO, (Nicotia'na,) whether in the 

 form of snuff, or its decoction in water, 

 or its smoke whilst burning, is very de- 

 structive to insects. 



Tobacco-paper is paper saturated with 

 the decoction of tobacco, and when burnt 

 emits a fume nearly as strong. It is an 

 easy mode of generating the smoke. 

 Whenever plants are smoked they should 

 be done so on two following nights, and 

 then he syringed the following morning. 

 Mr. Cameron says : I have always 

 found tobacco-paper the most efficacious 

 substance to fumigate with for destroying 

 the aphis without doing any injury to the 

 plants. If the house is not filled too 

 rapidly with smoke, and is allowed to 

 reach the glass without coming in con- 

 tact with any of the plants, it then de- 

 scends as it coolrf, without doing any 

 injury. Plants fumigated in frames, or 

 under hand-glasses, are most liable to be 

 imjured by the heat of the smoke, if not 

 done cautiously. There is a spurious 

 kind of tobacco-paper sometimes offered 

 in spring by the tobacconists, apparently 

 made to meet the increased demand, and 

 this kind of paper will bring the leaves 

 off plants, without killing many of the 

 the aphides. It is of a lighter colour 

 than the genuine sort, and may be readily 

 detected by the smell being very different. 

 Foliage should be perfectly dry when a 

 house is fumigated, and should not be 

 syringed till next morning. If plants are 

 syringed immediately after fumigation, 

 many of the aphides will recover even 

 when they have dropped off the plants, a 

 fact which any one may soon prove after 

 fumigating a house. 



Another very simple mode of fumigatin g 



