TOR 



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the vine in April and May ; head yellow ; 

 upper wings marbled with rusty and grey 

 colours. Caterpillars appear as the blos- 

 som-buds open, which they unite with 

 white thread. 



T. nigricana. Red Plum Grub Tortrix. 

 Moth black, appearing in June. Eggs 

 deposited on the plum ; grub small, red, 

 pierces the fruit, and is found near the 

 stone. Mr. Curtis observes that, " If the 

 plums that have fallen off be examined, 

 a small red caterpillar will be found 

 within it ; the caterpillar being generally 

 full grown when the plum falls off, soon 

 creeps out, and penetrates the loose bark, 

 forming a case, in which it remains during 

 the winter. Early in the spring it changes 

 into a light brown pupa, and the moth 

 emerges about June. The moth is not so 

 large as a house-fly; its wings are almost 

 black, and when the sun is shining on 

 them they have a remarkably metallic 

 lustre ; on the outer edge of the fore- 

 wings there is an appearance of fine 

 silver dust. Among the remedies pro- 

 posed to lessen the ravages of this insect, 

 it is recommended to shake the trees and 

 remove all the fruit that falls off; and 

 another good method is to scrape thorough 

 pieces of bark off the stem under which the 

 cocoons are concealed: this must be done 

 late in the autumn, or early in the spring." 



T.Bergmanniana. Rose Tortrix. Differs 

 little to a common observer from the pre- 

 ceding. "Where bushes are much infested 

 with the larvae of these insects, it is much 

 better to cut them down, and burn the 

 shoots. This and hand-picking are the 

 only remedies we are acquainted with. 

 Care must be taken not to disturb the 

 maggots when collecting them, for they 

 will let themselves down with threads, 

 and thus escape. 



T. ocellana. This is the parent of the 

 red-bud caterpillar, which destroys the 

 buds of the apple and pear. Upper wings 

 grey, with a white transverse band. 



T. Wceberiana. Plum-tree Tortrix. Its 

 larva feeds on the inner bark of the 

 plum, apricot, almond, and peach. The 

 grubs pierce holes through the bark, 

 which may be detected by small heaps of 

 red powder upon it. Moth brown; grub 

 greenish, with a red head. 



T. pomonana. Codling Moth. Its 

 reddish-white grub is common in apples 

 and pears. Moth light grey, streaked 

 with dark grey. Seen of an evening 

 during May, and the grubs appear soon 

 50 



after. All fallen apples should be de- 

 stroyed, because they usually contain this 

 or other grubs, which will otherwise pro- 

 duce moths, and multiply the evil. 



T.turionana, T . hyrcyniana, T.resiiiella, 

 and T. buoliana, all infest pine-trees, 

 injuring them by depositing their eggs 

 in the buds, which are subsequently 

 preyed upon by their caterpillars. 



TOUCH-ME-NOT. Impa'tiens. 



TORRE 'YA. (Named after Dr. Torrey, 

 a botanical writer. Nat. ord., Taxads 

 [Taxacese]. Linn., 22-Dicecia 13-Mona- 

 dclphia. . Allied to Taxus.) 



For culture, see TA'XXJS. Hardy evergreens. 

 T. Humbo'tdtii (Humboldt's). Georgia. 1848. 



myri'stica (Calijornian, nutmeg). 40. Cali- 



fornia. 1851. 



taxifo'lia (yew-leaved). 30. Florida. 1840. 



TOURNEFO'RTIA. (Named after J. P. 

 Tournefort, a great systematic botanist. 

 Nat. ord., Ehretiads [Ehretiaceee]. Linn., 

 5-Pentandria 1-Monoyynia. Allied to the 

 Heliotrope.) 



Cuttings of young shoots in April or August, 

 in sandy soil, under glass, and in a little heat. 

 Some, such as heliotropioi'des, make a fair bed 

 out of doors ; except for this purpose, they are 

 not worth house room either in a greenhouse or 

 a plant-stove ; any light, common soil suits them, 

 and they may be planted out in the middle of 

 May. 



GREENHOUSE EVERGREENS. 

 T. umbella'ta (umbelled). White. June. Mexico. 



1826. 



veluti'na (velvety). 10. White. June. Mexico. 



1826. 



STOVE EVERGREENS. 



T. Caracasa'na (Caraccas). White, May. Ca- 

 raccas. 1828. 



^raa^Aaio'des(gnaphalium-like). White. June. 



W. Ind. 1820. 



tteliotropioi'des (heliotrope-like). 2. Pale lilac. 



May. Buenos Ayres. 1829. 



hirsuti'ssima (hairiest). 10. Green, yellow. 



June. W. Ind. 1818. 



laurifo'lia (laurel-leaved). 12. Yellow. July. 



W. Ind. 182Q. 



macula'ta (spotted-fruited). Yellow. June, 



Carthagena. 1828. 



sca'ndens (climbing). 10. Green, yellow. July. 



Peru. 1816. 



volu'bilis (twining). 10. Green, yellow. July. 



Jamaica. 1752. 



TOVOMI'TA. (Tovomite, the name in 

 Cayenne. Nat. ord., Guttifers [Clusia- 

 cese]. Linn., IS-PolyandriaS-Pentagynia.) 



Stove evergreen trees. Cuttings of half-ripened 

 shoots in sand, under a bell-glass, in heat ; sandy 

 peat and fihry loam. Winter temp., 58 to 65 ; 

 summer, 60 to 90, and moist atmosphere. 

 T. Clusitefo'lia (Clusia-leaved). 10. Yellow. May. 

 Cayenne. 1823. 



Guiane'nais (Guianan). Green. Guiana. 1827. 



TRACHE'LIUM. Throatwort. (From 

 trachelos, the neck ; supposed efficacy in 



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