TRA 



C 788 ] 



TfiE 



old prejudice in favour of planting all 

 kinds of evergreens late in the spring. 

 That vast assemblage of evergreens be- 

 longing to the natural order Conifers, 

 from the Cedar of Lebanon down to the 

 trailing Jumper, should be planted from 

 the middle of July to the beginning of 

 October, according to the weather after 

 St. Swithin's day. November, on the 

 other hand, is as good a time as can be 

 to remove evergreens of all kinds, pro- 

 vided that large balls of earth be removed 

 with them. Hollies, Laurestinus^Alaternvs, 

 PJiillyreas, and Tree Box will transplant 

 as well in May and June as at any other 

 time of the year of that I am quite 

 certain ; I have removed hundreds of 

 them in May and June without losing a 

 twig. On the other hand, 'all these, and 

 many more besides, will answer as well 

 if planted early in November ; but that is 

 no reason for giving up the old plan of 

 late spring planting such evergreens as 

 do well at that time, although we need 

 not do so from choice. The whole ques- 

 tion amounts to this: All evergreens 

 succeed if planted in the autumn ; a great 

 number of them will do better from being 

 planted in the autumn, and will not trans- 

 plant safely except in the autumn ; while 

 a large portion of them may be planted 

 every day in the year with almost equal 

 success. 



November and May are the best two 

 months to remove Roses. All the young 

 and tender ones in pots turn out in May ; 

 but for all those on their own roots No- 

 vember is the best month to remove them. 



TRA'PA. Water Caltrops. (From cafci- 

 trapa, an ancient instrument in warfare 

 with four spikes ; fruit armed with four 

 spikes, or horns. Nat. ord., Hippuriads 

 [Haloragacese]. Linn., ^-Tetrandria 1- 

 Monogynia,.} 



Aquatics. Seeds ; good loam, in a tub or pond 

 of water; na'tans will do in the latter ; the others 

 require the shelter of a greenhouse. 

 T. bico'rnis (two-horned). White. July. China. 

 1790. Greenhouse perennial. 



bispino'sa (two-spined). White. July. E. Ind. 



1822. Greenhouse biennial. 



na'tans (floating). White, purple. July. Eu- 



rope. 1781. Hardy annual. 



quadrispino'sa (four-spined). White. July. 



E. Ind. 1823. Greenhouse biennial. 



TREVIRA'NIA. The following should be 

 united to Achimenes: 

 T. pulche'lla (neat). Scarlet. August. Jamaica. 

 1778. 



TRAVELLER'S JOY. Cle'matis vita'lba 

 and O. vio'rna. 



TREE CELANDINE. Socco'niafrute'scens, 



TREE GUARDS. The following are cheap 

 and effectual : Stakes about the thick- 

 ness of the wrist, seven feet in length, and 

 tolerably straight, chopped each a little 

 flat on one side, some iron hooping, a 

 little thicker than coopers are in the habit 

 of using for barrels, with punched holes 

 through it six inches apart, with one hole 

 near each end. Nail this to the stakes 

 on the chopped side, one foot from the 

 top of them, and one foot from the bottom ; 

 then raise it, and bend it circularly round 

 the tree, observing that the hoops are 

 placed inside, nearest the tree ; the holes 

 left at each end of the hoop are then 

 clenched up with a nail, and the guard is 

 complete. 



The following plan is somewhat simi- 

 lar : Procure stakes of ash or larch, sis 

 feet in length, or more if requisite, and 

 about two inches in diameter, and bore 

 holes through the tops and bottoms about 

 one foot from each end. Get a similar hole 

 dulled up the centre of a stake, and saw 

 it off in lengths of two inches, or rather 

 less; pass a strong wire, or thick tarred 

 string, through one stake, by the holes 

 at the top and at the bottom ; then pass it 

 through the hole made in one of the two- 

 inch pieces at each end, and then through 

 another stake, separating each stake at 

 top and bottom by a piece of wood, until 

 you leave enough to surround the tree 

 loosely, leaving plenty of space for growth. 

 Place it round the tree, and fasten the 

 ends of the wire or string. This guard 

 is much the same as a cradle put round 

 the neck of a blistered horse, to prevent 

 his gnawing the irritated part. The 

 stakes merely rest on the ground, and 

 should be out quite flat at the bottom, to 

 prevent their sticking into the ground. 

 At the upper end they should have a 

 sharp slanting cut with a bill-hook, and 

 threaded with the slope towards the tree. 

 The motion of the tree will not in any 

 degree be impeded ; and the bark cannot 

 be injured let the wind blow as it may, 

 for the guard moves freely with the tree 

 in every direction. 



TREES area chie^ material in landscape 

 gardening. The varieties in their shapes, 

 says Mr. Whately, may be reduced to 

 the following heads : Some, thick with 

 branches and foliage, have almost an 

 appearance of solidity, as the bbcch, the 

 elm, the lilac, and seringa ; others, thin 

 of boughs and of leaves, seem light anu 



