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airy, as the ash and the abele, the com- 

 mon arbor vitse and the tamarisk. 



There is a mean betwixt the two ex- 

 tremes, very distinguishable from both, 

 as in the bladder-nut and the ashen- 

 leaved maple. They may again be divided 

 into those whose branches begin from the 

 ground, and those which shoot up in a 

 stem before their branches begin. Trees 

 which have some and not much clear 

 stem, as several of the firs, belong to the 

 former class ; but a very short stem -will 

 rank as a shrub, such as the althaea, in 

 the latter. 



Of those, the branches of which begin 

 from the ground, some rise in a conical 

 figure, as the larch, the cedar of Lebanon, 

 and the holly. Some swell out in the 

 middle of their growth and diminish at 

 both ends, as the Weymouth pine, the 

 mountain ash, and the lilac; and some 

 are irregular and bushy from the top to 

 the bottom, as the evergreen oak, the 

 Virginian cedar, and Guelder rose. There 

 is a great difference between one whose 

 base is very large, and another whose base 

 Is very small, in proportion to its height. 

 The cedar of Lebanon and the cypress 

 are instances of such a difference; yet in 

 "both the branches begin from the ground. 



The heads of those which shoot up 

 into a stem before their branches begin 

 sometimes are slender cones, as of many 

 firs ; sometimes are broad cones, as of 

 the horse-chestnut ; sometimes they are 

 round, as of the stone pine, and most 

 sorts of fruit-trees ; and sometimes ir- 

 regular, as of the elm. Of this kind 

 there are many considerable varieties. 



The branches of some grow horizon- 

 tally, as of the oak ; in others they fall, 

 as in the lime and the acacia; and in 

 some of these last they incline obliquely, 

 as in many of the firs ; in some they hang 

 directly down, as in the weeping willow. 



Some are of a dark green, as the horse- 

 shestnut and the yew; some of a light 

 green, as the lime and the laurel ; some 

 of a green tinged with brown, as the 

 Virginian cedar ; some of a green tinged 

 with white, as the abele and the sage- 

 tree ; and some of a green tinged with 

 yellow, as the ashen-leaved maple and 

 the Chinese arbor vitro. The variegated 

 plants, also, are generally entitled to be 

 classed with the white or the yellow, by 

 the strong tincture of the one or the 

 other of t o-ie colours on their leaves. 



The fall of the leaf is the time to learn 



the species, the order, and the proportion 

 of tints, which blended will form beautiful 

 masses ; and, on the other hand, to dis- 

 tinguish those which are incompatible 

 near together. The peculiar beauty of 

 the tints of red cannot then ^escape ob- 

 servation, and the want of them through- 

 out the summer months must be regretted ; 

 but the want, though it cannot perfectly, 

 may partially be supplied, for plants have 

 a permanent and an accidental colour. 

 The permanent is always some shade of 

 green, but any other may be the acci- 

 dental colour ; and there 19 none which 

 so many circumstances concur to produce 

 as a red. It is assumed in succession by 

 the bud, the blossom, the berry, the bark, 

 and the leaf. Sometimes it profusely 

 overspreads, at other times it dimly 

 tinges the plant, and a reddish-green is 

 generally the hue of those plants on 

 which it lasts long or frequently returns. 



Admitting this, at least for many 

 months in the year, among the character- 

 istic distinctions, a large piece of red- 

 green, with a narrow edging of dark 

 green along the further side of it, and 

 beyond that a piece of light green still 

 larger than the first, will be found to 

 compose a beautiful mass. Another, not 

 less beautiful, is a yellow-green nearest 

 the eye, beyond that a light green, then 

 a brown-green, and lastly a dark green. 

 The dark green must be the largest, the 

 light green the next in extent, and the 

 yellow-green the least of all. 



From these combinations the agree- 

 ments between particular tints may be 

 known, A light green may be next either 

 to a yellow or a brown-green, and a brown 

 to a dark green, all in considerable 

 quantities ; and a little rim of dark green 

 may border on a red or a light green. 

 Further observations will show that the 

 yellow and the white -greens connect 

 easily ; but that large quantities of the 

 light, the yellow, or the white-greens do 

 not mix well with a large quantity also of 

 the dark green ; and that to form a pleas- 

 ing mass, either the dark green must be 

 reduced to a mere edging, or a brown or 

 an intermediate green must be interposed; 

 that the red, the brown, and the inter- 

 mediate greens agree among themselves, 

 and that either of them may be joined to 

 any other tint; but that the red-green 

 will bear a larger quantity of the light 

 than of the dark green near it ; nor does 

 it seein so proper a mixture with the 



