TUB 



[802 



TUR 



or nothing half an inch above the inter- 

 stices of the teeth, at which point the 

 tion is slightly bent longitudinally, to 

 admit the thickness of wood underneath, 

 and give a proper inclination to the handle, 

 The instrument serves both as a grass 

 rake and a daisy rake, and has the advan- 



tage over the daisy rakes in common use 

 of being easier cleaned, from the wide- 

 ness of the interstices between the teeth. 



TU'RNERA. (Named after Dr. W. Turner, 

 author of the first English herbal. Nat. 

 ord., Turnerads [Turner ace fie]. Linn., 

 5-Pentandria 3-Trigynia.) 



All yellow-flowered. Annuals and biennials, by 

 seeds in a hotbed in spring, and plants bloomed 

 in a greenhouse ; shrubs, by seeds, and also by 

 cuttings in sand, under a bell-glass, in spring 

 and summer; sandy loam, fibry peat, and a little 

 charcoal, Winter temp., 50 to 60 ; summer, Go 

 to 85. 



GREENHOUSE ANNUALS. 

 T. cistoi'des (cistus-like). ^. July. America. 1774. 



Guiane'nsis (Guianan). 1. June. Guiana. 1823. 



hi'rta (hairy). 1. June. Brazil. 1818. 



pu'mila (dwarf). . August. Jamaica. 1796- 



racemo'sa (racemed). 2. July. Siberia. 1/89. 



ulmifo'Ha (elm-leaved). 3. July. Jamaica. 



1733. Biennial. 



STOVE EVERGREENS. 

 T. Brazilie'nsis (Brazilian). 1. June. Brazil. 1810. 



cuneifo'rmis (wedge-formed). 1. June. S. 



Amer. 1821. 



rupe'stris (rock). 2. July. Guiana. 1824. 



trioniflo'ra (trionum-flowered). 2. Brazil. 1812. 



ulmi'tingtistifo'lia (narrow-elnx-leaved). 3. 



June. Jamaica. 1733. 



TURNIPS. Bra'ssica ra'pa. 



Varieties. For the first sowings: 

 Early White Dutch, Early Stone. 



For the spring sowings: Common 

 Eound White, Large Round White, Large 

 Green-topped, Large Red-topped, Yellow 

 Dutch, Tankard, French, Small Round 

 French, Swedish, Moscow, or Narva. 



Sowing may commence at the end of 

 February, a small portion on a warm 

 border, and some in a moderate hotbed 

 of the first two varieties mentioned. 

 These will be fit for use during April. 

 The sowing on a border to be repeated 

 in the beginning of March, and these 

 will produce throughout May. 



These sowings are to be repeated in 

 ^mall proportions, at monthly intervals, 

 .n til the beginning of July, when the main 



crop for the supply of the winter may bo 

 inserted ; and finally, small crops at the 

 commencement of August and September 

 for spring. 



Mode. Sow broadcast, or in drills, 

 twelve inches apart, and very thin ; and 

 to enable the seed to be distributed re- 

 gularly, mix it well with sand before so\v- 

 ing. Each sowing should, if possible, 

 be performed in showery weather; if 

 otherwise, water at the time of insertion, 

 and three times a week afterwards. 



Thin the plants when they have four 

 or five leaves about two inches in breadth 

 to at least twelve asunder from each 

 other. 



Water must be given frequently and 

 plentifully, as on a regular supply of 

 moisture their goodness, in a great mea- 

 sure, depends. 



In November or December, before the 

 setting-in of frost, some of the bulbs 

 must be taken up, and, the tops and 

 roots being removed, preserved under 

 shelter in sand. The young tops are 

 much in request during spring; they 

 must be gathered when very young, other- 

 wise they are strong-flavoured and bit- 

 terish. 



To obtain Seed, some of the most per- 

 fect roots of those which will withstand 

 the winter may remain where grown ; or 

 they may be transplanted in November 

 or February ; of the two earliest varieties, 

 sown on a border early in March, some 

 of the bulbs being allowed to remain will 

 produce seed the same autumn. 



Manures. The best manure for tur- 

 nips is stable-dung; and next in their 

 order, guano, super-phosphate of lime, 

 soot, and salt. 



For the injuries to which the turnip is 

 liable, see ATHALIA, AMBURY, and BLACK 

 FI.Y. 



Turnip Cabbage ( Bra'ssica na'po-bra's- 

 sica), and Turnip-rooted Cabbage (B. 

 can lo-ra'pa). See KNOHL-KOHL. 



TURNIP-FLY. See BLACK FLEA. 



TURNSOLE. Heliotro! pium. 



TURPENTINE. Si'lphium terebintha'ceum. 



TURPENTINE-MOTH. See TORTEIX EE- 

 SINELLA. 



TURR^'A. (Named after G. Turra, pro- 

 fessor of botany at Tadua. Nat. ord., 

 Meliads [Meliaceasj. Linn., \Q-Monadel- 

 phia 6-Decandria. Allied to Melia.) 



Stove evergreen trees. Cuttings of firm young 

 shoots in sand, under a bell-glass, in March, 



