THE GANDHARA SCULPTURES. 95 



the ancients as Gandhara, and which includes the modern 

 country of Kabul, Afghanistan, Kohistan, Bajaur, Buncr, 

 Swat, Yusufzai, Peshawar and Kohat, &:c., west of the river 

 Indus, the country traversed by Alexander the Great 326 

 B.C. 



After this event itinerant Greek artists are supposed to have 

 visited Iran (Persia), Gandhara and India, and presumably 

 influenced the Buddhists in their sculptor's art. Hence Grecian 

 types of face and dress seen in Gandhara sculptures and in figures 

 of ancient temples found in Central and Southern India, which 

 latter were presumably, more or less, copied by Hindus at a later 

 period from those sculptures in Gandhara. 



Dr. James Burgess, late Director General of the Archceological 

 Society of India and editor of " Buddhist Art in India," says : 

 " A glance at the Gandhara panels represented in this book will 

 show that for decorative purposes and the representations of 

 buildings, pillars, and other architectural forms, the Perso- 

 Indian and Indian styles were employed side by side, sometimes 

 on the same slab, with columns having Hellenic capitals and 

 bases. Structurally the architecture of the same age may have 

 shared in this hybrid character, but we have not much evidence 

 to guide us to a determination." 



II. By J. BURGESS, CLE., LL.D. 



Within the last fifty years the legend of Sakyamuni Buddha, 

 and certain phases of the religion that he and his disciples 

 founded, have been popularised by translations and other works 

 for European readers, and many of these are easily accessible. 

 It will be sufficient to premise here that the Buddha was born 

 about the middle of the 6th century, B.C., as the son of a land- 

 holder, at the base of the Himfdayas, and named Siddhartha. 

 Legend has magnified his father into a wealthv king, his mother 

 into a princess, and adds that he was born from her side in a 



