THE GANDHARA SCULPTURES. lOI 



countenance may have become Apollonic in dignity ; though the 

 ushmsha, the protuberance on the summit of his head, has been 

 dressed with locks of hair so as to resemble the krobylos, 

 nevertheless the face preserves the round, protruding Indian 

 chin, and the ear-lobes, as a sign of holiness, remain unduly 

 long. 



On the other hand, the Grecian columns are squat and ugly, 

 the Corinthian capitals are inexpressibly poor, and the foliage 

 that ought to be something like the Acanthus often has more 

 resemblance to the palm. 



The remarkable honeysuckle pattern which adorns an iron 

 shaft of the Asoka period had, like that of the Ionic order 

 which it closely resembles, an Assyrian derivation (Fergusson's 

 "Eastern Architecture," p. 53). 



Moreover, in a significant Gandhara relief some men-at-arms 

 that have received what has been called "a powerful Greek 

 characterisation " are dressed in coats of mail that have the 

 scales placed the wrong way up. 



The Gandhara sculptures, then, were the work, not of 

 Europeans, but of travelled artists with eclectic tastes, of an 

 Indian guild of sculptors who brought from afar reminiscences 

 of foreign skill, but who rendered with feeling and precision 

 what they saw in their own country. 



IV. By KAKASU OKAKURA. 



Written in English by this native of Japan, " long known to his own people 

 and to others as the foremost living authority on Oriental Archceology 

 and Ai-t." (Murraii, 1903 J 



I'AGE 



71, The first stage of Buddhism, immediately after the 

 Nirvana, about the middle of the VI. Cent. B.C., is con- 

 cerned with the ascendancy of the primary group [of 



72. religious teachers.] Asoka, III. Cent, u.c, the great 



