4 CHESHIRE, CORNWALL, CUMBERLAND, AND WESTMORELAND. 



In most cases an allowauce is made to the outgoing tenant for oil cake 

 and purchased corn, which has been consumed during the last two years 

 of his occupation. The entries arc ahnost invariably at Michaelmas. 



Cheshire. — See Lancash ire. 



Conucall. — Michaelmas is the most general time of entry, but there 

 are some Lady-day holdings, especially in the north and east of the 

 county. The former period, however, is considered the most desirable 

 one. The length of holdings varies considerably. In many instances, 

 leases are granted for terms of seven, fourteen, or twenty-one years, 

 and a very large number of farms are held at yearly tenancies with, 

 and sometimes without, a written agreement. An outgoing tenant 

 has no allowances whatever for any unexhausted improvements, except 

 in occasional cases. Draining is generally either performed by the 

 landlord, the tenant paying a yearly per-centage on the outlay, or it is 

 executed by the landlord and tenant jointly, the former perhaps paying 

 for the cutting of the drains, and the latter being at the expense of the 

 filling in. Instances of a tenant being allowed for any unexhausted 

 manures are exceedingly rare. In Lady-day holdings the valuation 

 would comprise the growing wheat crop, and preparations made for 

 the turnip, barley, and oat tillages, &c. In Michaelmas holdings the 

 matters which come under a valuer's notice are subject to great varia- 

 tion, according to the time at which the incoming tenant commences 

 to do any labour on the farm. Sometimes the outgoing tenant prepares 

 for and tills the root and spring grain crops ; and in such cases, if the 

 incoming tenant intends to take them they have to be valued. In 

 others, the greater part of these preparations is performed by the out- 

 going tenant, but the incoming one puts in the crops, and of course the 

 valuation must be made accordingly. Sometimes farm-yard manure left 

 in the yards or in heaps in the fields, not used, is paid for, and sometimes 

 it is not ; but if carted together in heaps, the labour attendant on it is 

 considered, llay is usually taken by the incoming tenant at a valuation. 

 The outgoing tenant allows for the repairs required to gates, fences, &c., 

 and roofs of thatch ; but slated roofs arc kept in repair by the landlord. 



CiimVcrlaml and Wesimoreland. — The two principal times of entry 

 are Candlemas (February 2nd) and Lady-day (March 25th); in some 

 instances the land is entered on at Candlemas, and the buildings at 

 May-day. If the outgoing tenant leaves the farm at Candlemas, he 

 keeps up his regular stock of horses and cattle until the end of the 

 terra, and then takes away or sells the remainder of the unconsumcd 



