CUMBERLAND AND AVESTMOEELAND. 5 



vestures of the last year's crop, hay and straw. The mannro is left for 

 tlic incoming tenant, free of any charge. In some instances the land- 

 lord binds the tenant to consume at least one-half of the last year's 

 crop of hay and straw, in preference to the undefined term of "keeping 

 up the usual and regular stock." The outgoing tenant is allowed for 

 rent of the land, taxes, seed, and labour, on all bare or dead fallow in 

 the last year of the term ; also the cost-price of clover and grass seeds 

 sown the preceding spring, if kept uninjured. Gates and fences must 

 be left in tenantable repair by the outgoing tenant, or an equivalent 

 in money must be given to the incoming tenant to make good the 

 same. Should the entry be at Lady-day, the tenant is in some cases 

 bound to consume upon the premises at least two-thirds of the last 

 year's crop of hay and straw, and leave the manure for the use of the 

 incoming tenant, ft'ee of charge ; and where the entry is on " land at 

 Candlemas, and buildings at May-day," the tenant consumes the whole 

 of the vestures upon the premises, and leaves the manure as before 

 stated. Where this is the custom, the outgoing tenant is only entitled 

 to one ploughing and harrowing, seed wheat, carting, and spreading 

 manure, &c., on dead fallow in the last year. This is the custom on 

 Lord Lonsdale's farms both in Cumberland and Westmoreland, and in 

 fact the universal one in the latter county. The landlord usually 

 drains the land, the tenant paying five per cent, upon the outlay, and 

 carting all the materials free. The compensation for unexhausted 

 improvements must be according to agreement ; and there are very 

 few, if any, for which an outgoing tenant can claim. There is perhaps, 

 no estate where a portion of the oilcake bill is allowed in the last year ; 

 nor is it usual to allow for bones, guano, &c., except when such manures 

 are put upon the dead fallow for wheat in the last year, and the out- 

 going tenant had no benefit from such manures. The land is chiefly 

 managed under the five and six-course rotation, and the bare or dead 

 fallow constitutes the principal claim that an outgoing tenant has 

 against his successor. Each party chooses a valuer, and in case of 

 'disagreement, the two choose a third, whose decision is final. The 

 value of one acre might be as follows : — Ploughing and harrowing four 

 times at 9s., <£l IGs. ; land rent, say £1 5s. ; seed wheat, say £1 5s. ; 

 brining and sowing, 6^. ; leading manure, say 65. 6d. ; spreading 

 ditto, Is. Gd. ; water-furrowing and guttering. Is. 6d. ; rates and taxes, 

 2s. Gd. — total, £4 18s. Gd. If the land has been limed in that year, 

 the cost of the lime as well as the leading and spreading must be 

 added, and so when guano or bones have been used. The cost of an 

 acre of fallow wheat chiefly depends upon the value of the land, the 

 market price of seed wheat, and the distance the manure is to be 



