6 DERBYSHIRE. 



carted. These settlements or arbitrations are always arranged and 

 carried out by the outgoing and incoming tenants, and the landlord 

 seldom takes any part in the matter. The land is chiefly managed 

 under the five- and six-course rotation ; that is— first year, oats out of 

 lea ; second, potatoes and turnips, or dead fallow ; third, wheat or 

 barley, sown with grass seeds ; fourth, pasture, or mown for hay ; 

 fifth, pasture ; sixth, pasture. If the five-course be adopted, the field 

 would be in oats, and not in pasture, in the sixth year. 



Berbi/shire.— The invariable time of entry in this county is at Lady- 

 day. The oflFgoing tenant has no awaygoing crop, and the payments 

 by the incoming tenant to his predecessor are regulated by the usual 

 restrictions and covenants under which the generality of tenant farmers 

 live, and occasionally by custom. The compensation to outgoing 

 tenants for improvements is limited, and frequently discretional with 

 the landlord. There is an allowance for unexpended bones, and for 

 other light tillages, such as guano, rape-dust, &c. Generally speaking, 

 the tenant by his conditions is not allowed compensation for draining, 

 but in most cases tlie landlord finds drain-tiles or pipes, as may be 

 required; and if the landlord or agent gives consent in writing for 

 such drainage to be executed, the oflFgoing tenant would be allowed 

 compensation, on a seven years' scale. Sometimes when there is no 

 covenant, and the tenant quits on the " custom," draining is allowed 

 for on a ten years' scale. Of late years there has been an allowance 

 of one-third for oilcake consumed on the farm the previous year, and 

 in some instances half the cost price. Further allowances ought to be 

 made for cake consumed, extending over the second year, and one- 

 fourth or one-sixth of the cost price would be a compensation, good 

 proofs being produced that such quantities were consumed. Half-inch 

 drill bones extend over a period of six years on grass lands when 

 pastured; and where crops are taken, over half that time. In some 

 instances where tenants are living under conditions, the whole of the 

 manure made on the farm becomes the landlord's property; and the 

 offgoing tenant has no interest in making rich manure. Hence it not 

 unfrequently happens that the whole of one year's hay and straw is 

 left unconsumcd, to be taken to at a reduced price. The hay and 

 straw left on the farm are paid for ])y the award of the arbitrator, 

 subject to tonnage, by which is meant a consuming price, the tenant 

 not being allowed to sell hay or sti-aw off the farm. Leases arc the 

 exception, not the rule; and the land is held from year to year, with 

 a six-months' notice from cither party. There is no allowance for 

 buildings of stone or brick erected by the tenant. Where sheds or 



