10 ESSEX, GLOUCESTEESHIRE. 



Esscr. — The custom of compensation varies in different localities. 

 The rent upon the fallowed land (and in some cases the tithe and rates) 

 is for the most part allowed to the outgoing tenant. He is also allowed 

 for the ploughing and tillage thereon ; for the seed-sowing and cultiva- 

 tion of the turnips, mangolds, or green cattle-crops upon the land under 

 fallow ; for the labour thereon, and the dung, either left in heaps, or 

 carted on for the green crops ; and for the cloverseeds and grasses, if 

 sown upon lands fallowed in the preceding year, whether a plant is 

 obtained or not. Hay is valned at about three-fourths of the market 

 price — being the market value, less the cost of cutting out and market- 

 ing, and the value of a load of manure brought on to tlic farm. The 

 outgoing tenant fodders out his straw and hay of the last year, or 

 the incoming tenant pays the cost of thrashing out the crops, and 

 carts out the grain arising therefrom a distance not exceeding ten miles 

 by way of compensation for the straw, &c. The tenant repairs the 

 buildings, and the landlord finds materials. No compensation is allowed 

 for draining, or for artificial manure, or oilcake, &c., consumed. A 

 yearly tenant is entitled by custom to the rent, ploughing, and tillages 

 of fallows ; to the feeding value of hay and straw ; and to compensation 

 for manure left upon the farm : the principle being that he shall leave 

 the farm in the same way as he entered. The dung is measured in the 

 heap, and valued at so much the square yard. All the tenancies com- 

 mence at New Michaelmas, and the outgoing tenant is entitled to the 

 use of the barns until the Lady-day following, but not of the house, 

 stables, &c. after Michaelmas-day. 



Gloucestershire. — The tenancies are yearly ones, and sometimes even 

 without a written agreement. They are chiefly from Lady-day, but 

 some few are from Michaelmas. The commonest course of cropping is 

 turnips, barley, "seeds" two years (clover, rye-grass, &c.), wheat, oats 

 or barley. When the " seeds " are ploughed up at one year, the oat or 

 barley crop after the wheat is omitted : the first is called the six-field 

 system, the other the four-field system. The landlord keeps all the 

 buildings in repair, and, generally speaking, the gates ; and the tenant 

 does the hauling for the repairs, finds straw for the thatched buildings, 

 and keeps good all the fences. He cannot sell off either hay, straw, or 

 roots, nor take more than two white-straw crops under the six-field 

 system, or one under the fonr-field system, in succession. On leaving, 

 the tenant is generally allowed a barn, yard and field till Midsummer, 

 for feeding off his hay, &c. The wheat straw is valued to the incoming 

 tenant at a consuming price, also the hay and other straw if he agrees 

 to take to it. The outgoing tenant generally does all necessary work on 



