23 NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 



straw at a valuation, the outgoing one can claim the use of the barns, 

 houses, and yards up to Lady-day to consume them. With respect to 

 the Lady-day holdings, the outgoing tenant has not the away-going 

 wheat crop, but is reimbursed by the incoming tenant for the back rent 

 (if on fallow) and for seed and labour, up to the time of his leaving. 

 The manure in all cases belongs to the farm. The buildings arc gene- 

 rally made by the landlord, and the tenant is bound to keep and leave 

 them in full repair, as also gates, fences, and water-courses. No com- 

 pensation is given at quitting for manures, or unexhausted improve- 

 ments of any kind. The custom allows nothing if a tenant builds or 

 drains, but during the last three years an allowance for under-draining 

 lias become common in some districts. The landlord most commonly 

 gives the tiles, and the tenant puts them in at his own expense. In the 

 case of Lady-day holdings, the custom is more universal ; but it varies 

 so much in different parts of the county, and is so undefined, that special 

 agreements are mostly resorted to, to prevent disputes. The farms are 

 in many cases held by the year, but leases are not uncommon. 



In the Peterborough part of the county the valuation to an outgoing 

 tenant is generally as follows : On bare summer fallows he is allowed 

 for four ploughings and orders, labour or manure, carting, sowing the 

 wheat or barley (as the case may be), with one year's rates and rent ; 

 but if the land is in its course for growing turnips or other roots, no 

 rent is allowed. The outgoing tenant is allowed half-a-year's rent and 

 rates on lands sown with wheat after oats, beans, clover, or vegetables. 

 The manure belongs to the estate ; if any carriage is done the labour 

 is paid for ; and if artificial manure has been used for the green crop, 

 the whole of the bill and carriage is allowed. Half of the oilcake bill 

 in the last year is allowed ; but to prevent imposition the amount of 

 the three last years' oilcake bills is added together, and the outgoing 

 tenant receives one-sixth. The sowing and seed bill of new seeds is 

 allowed if they are not stocked after Michaelmas. When lime has 

 been used, the tenant is entitled to five years' benefit ; and when burnt 

 soil is applied to fallows or green crops, an allowance is made for 

 labour and can-iage. All temporary buildings, such as cow, calf, 

 and waggon hovel, piggeries, &c., if built by the tenant, with the 

 landlord's sanction, are valued and paid for at the time of quitting. 

 Hay and clover in stack, not consumed, are valued at two-thirds of the 

 market price; and all skimming or scarifying of stubbles after harvest 

 at their full value. A great quantity of drainage (which, if practi- 

 cable, is not less than three feet) is done by the aid of Government 

 drainage loans ; and when the landlord finds both tiles and labour, he 

 charges five per cent. If the landlord finds tiles, and the tenant labour. 



