YORKSHlllE — EAST RIDING. 35 



(Eolderncss, for instance, and the west side of the wolds, which is 

 called Howdeushire) the waygoing crop averages one-third part of the 

 arable land. 



The East Hiding of Yorkshire may be described as consisting of three 

 districts, distinct in their surfaces and soils, viz., Holderness, the chalk 

 wolds, and the plain, west of the wolds, which last section contains 

 Howdenshire and the Vale of York. The soil of Holderness is gene- 

 rally stony, that of the western plain stony also, with interventions of 

 sand and gravel. The soil of the wolds is thinner and lighter. These 

 characteristics influence the customs of the waygoing crop. On the 

 stronger soils in former days (in which these customs originated) the 

 three-course system of cropping prevailed, and so it followed that one- 

 third of the arable was assigned to the outgoer. In the wolds the 

 Norfolk or four-course system was introduced upon their inclosure and 

 cultivation, and therefore one-fourth of the arable portion of the farm 

 is the waygoing crop. This crop is either sown after rape, turnips, or 

 seeds, depastured the summer previous. The outgoing tenant sows 

 wheat, barley, oats, &c., as the case may require, and he leaves the 

 crop at a valuation, to be taken l^y the incoming tenant, who has to pay 

 the amount of this valuation, deducting the average rent per acre of the 

 farm upon whicli the waygoing crop has grown, which is called the on- 

 staud, also deducting the expense for inning and outing, Avhich is 

 reaping, thrashing, delivering, stacking, and every other expense attend- 

 ing the bringing the corn to market ; as well as one year's parochial 

 taxes for that part of the land upon which the waygoing crop is grown. 

 The incoming tenant gets the straw and the eatage thereof ; but he has 

 to allow the ofpgoing tenant Gs. or 7s. per acre, or something of that 

 sort, for the eatage of the straw. 



Three parts out of four of the dung belong to the land. The out- 

 going tenant in the absence of covenants has no compensation for the 

 purchase of artificial manure, or artificial food for stock, nor for drain- 

 ing or chalking the land. The chalking and marling is done by the 

 tenant at his own risk. The tenant does nothing but keep the build- 

 ings in tenantable repair, and the same with respect to the fences and 

 gates. All the materials belong to the landlord ; the painting, the 

 mending of the fences, and the repairing of the gates, belong to the 

 tenant ; but if any new gates are wanted, the landlord generally finds 

 them. As to the new roofs, the agi'eement says the tenant is to keep 

 the buildings in repair ; main walls, main timber, and damage by fire 

 and tempest, only excepted. Of late years there has been some compen- 

 sation introduced into the agreements; it was not so formerly; it is only 

 within the last few years that it has been the custom to feed with oil- 



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