36 YOEKSHIRE— NOKTH KlDlNG. 



cake ; since that custom has come in, tlie practice has been gradually 

 introduced of allowing compensation for a small part of the oilcake that 

 has been used in the last two years. It is very usual to make allowance 

 for cake on the wolds, though it can hardly be called the custom of the 

 East Riding. If a question should arise upon the quitting of a farm, and 

 reference should have to be made to the custom, it would hardly allow 

 compensation for the use of cake. Scarcely any compensation clause"" 

 has been introduced into the agreements, except as to oilcake. Bones 

 are extensively used, but they are not allowed for, except in the 

 Avaygoing crop ; the tenant has the power of taking the crop where 

 it has been boned the year before, and he gets his allowance for 

 bones by selecting that part of the farm from which he takes his way- 

 going crop. 



Yorlcsliirc — JVarfh Riding. — The tenants of a great portion of this 

 extensive riding liaA'e no leases. On many estates they are simply 

 tenants from year to year, without even written agreements. A cus- 

 tomary regulation, that no two white crops are to be grown in succes- 

 sion, that no straw is to be sold off' the farm, and that the tenant shall 

 leave as he entered, comprises all the conditions between the parties. 

 There are no stipulations as to tenant-right or unexhausted improve- 

 ments ; in fact, such covenants would be almost a dead letter, as 

 changes are rare, and it would be easy to point out tenants on many 

 estates whose fathers and grandi'athers before them held the same farm, 

 and under the same unwritten agreements. Upon the large properties 

 there is in almost every case some peculiarity as to the times of entry, 

 modes of cropping, &c., and hence it would be impossible to give any 

 one general rule. Most frequently, perhaps, the entry on arable land 

 for fallow or spring crops is on February 2nd (Candlemas day) ; and t n 

 the rest of the arable land at the separation of the awaygoing crop ; 

 pasture land on April Gth ; and the dwelling-house, offices, and meadow 

 land on May 13th. The outgoing tenant has a right to one-third of 

 the arable land on which to grow an awaygoing crop, and on some 

 estates he pays what is called an onstand for his awaygoing crop, which 

 is occasionally the average rate per acre of the rent of the farm, but is 

 more frequently a fixed sum of Gs. M. per acre. In the latter case the 

 outgoing tenant has generally the right of consuming the straw of his 

 awaygoing crop on the premises. Sometimes, however, the outgoing 

 tenant pays no onstand for his awaygoing crop, but leaves the straw, as 

 soon as it is thrashed, for the use of the incoming tenant without 

 purchase. The manure on the farm belongs to the outgoing tenant up 

 to February 8th, for his use on his awaygoing crop ; whatever remains 



