YORKSHIRE — WEST RIDING. 37 



on the farm, or is made there after February 8th, belongs to the in- 

 coming tenant without purchase. The DulvC of Leeds, since 18-48, 

 has inserted a clause in his agreements to the effect that the incoming 

 tenant should pay on entry a reasonable price for all manure found 

 on the farm made from the previous year's crop. In taking his a^^vay- 

 going ci'op the outgoing tenant is obliged to take it upon — 1st, naked 

 fallow ; 2nd, turnips half-eaten on ; and, 3rd, clover ley. A great 

 extent of drainage has been effected in this riding within the last 

 fifteen years, partly at the joint expense of landlord and tenant, the 

 former finding tiles, and the latter being at the rest of the expense ; 

 and partly by the landlord finding the money, and charging such per- 

 centage as may be agreed on ; but chiefly under the operation of the 

 drainage loan acts. In the latter case the tenant frequently leads the 

 materials without charge, and pays as additional rent the Government 

 charge of G|- per cent, on the money expended. The ordinary offices on 

 the farm are usually kept up at the landlord's cost, the tenant finding 

 carriage of materials. 



Yorlcshire — Wed Ei'dhig. — The tenant-right is heavier than in Lin- 

 colnshire in the tillages and half tillages. They get paid for whatever 

 they have done in their ftillow year, as well as a year's rent and rates 

 and manure. Then they go to a second year, and have half that 

 allowance. The tillage is the north-country term for what is called in 

 the south an allowance for working fallows. That applies to all land 

 alike, for so many ploughings and harrowings in order to clean the 

 land. The West Eiding of Yorkshire is the larger portion of York- 

 shire, and its system extends partly into Nottinghamshire, and also into 

 part of Derbyshire, though it is a very injurious one to the incoming 

 tenant and to the estate, as regards the awaygoiug crops and the half 

 tillages. One-fifth of the farm should be in grass, and the remaining 

 four-fifths are farmed in the four-course shift of husbandry. The 

 allowances are : First course — Summer, turnip, potato, or rape fallows ; 

 on these are allowed one year's rent and taxes, the dressings of the 

 fallows, with manure, and all other tillages purchased, deducting for 

 the vegetable crops, and the seed and labour for the corn sown as a 

 first crop. Second course — Seeds, or pea or bean stubble, called half- 

 tillage land, for which are allowed the dressings, half the rent and 

 taxes, half value of manure, three-fourths of bone tillage, one-third of 

 guano or other light artificial tillage, less one-half the amount of last 

 year's deduction for vegetable crop. Third course— Wheat on ley, or 

 on pea or bean stubbles ; the fidl value of the crop is allowed, deduct- 

 ing one year's rent and taxes ; however, in some instances only the seed 



