SOUTH WALES — BRECONSHIRE, CARDIGANSHIRE. 39 



Wales. Agriculture is altogether in a backward state. Old hedgerows 

 are seldom removed, and artificial manures are rarely used. Draining 

 is very much required in places, and whatever progress is made in this 

 respect is principally effected cither by the landlords themselves, or 

 with the aid of the Drainage Commissioners. 



SOUTH WALES. 



Breconshirc. — In this county the holdings commence almost entirely 

 at Michaelmas. All the land is retained by the outgoing tenant, with 

 the exception of one field, until St. Andrew's-day (November 30th), 

 when the whole, except such boozy pasture field and the turnips and 

 green crops, are given up to the incoming tenant. The latter are 

 retained by the outgoing tenant till March, when the incoming tenant 

 enters to sow his Lent grain, but the boozy pasture is given up to the 

 incoming tenant on the 1st of May. All buildings at the homestead, 

 with the labourers' cottages, &c., are retained by the outgoing tenant 

 till the 1st of May, but access to the kitchen and one sleeping-room is 

 granted to the incoming tenant, together with a stable, and a place for 

 his horse-gearing. The wheat has to be sown by the 29 th September, 

 unless leave for further time has been obtained from the incoming 

 tenant, Avho is entitled to one-fourth of the produce on fallow, and one- 

 half from stubble or swarth. In Llanfigan the outgoing tenant has 

 no right to the turnips or green crops after November 30th (unless 

 they are previously taken from the field and stacked), except by con- 

 sent, which is usually given, as is also permission to sow wheat after 

 September 29 th. 



Gardigamhire. — The usual period of entry upon farms is Michaelmas, 

 and the holding from year to year. Leases for one or two lives arc not 

 uncommon, also for seven, fourteen, or twenty-one years ; but the leases 

 for lives are not so general as they formerly were. The outgoing tenant 

 has nothing to do with the incoming ; but each settles his claim with 

 the landlord. If a landlord gives a tenant notice to quit, he has to 

 pay him for all necessary improvements on buildings, made during the 

 tenancy, and for all draining if properly executed. The outgoing tenant 

 quits the farm at Michaelmas. If he has carted lime on the farm, or 

 left any farmyard manure, or has sown rye-grass and cloverseed, &c., 

 the new tenant has to pay for them ; and also for half the value of the 



