GLAMORGANSHIPvE. 41 



the other district?, Candlemas and May-day. The landlord keeps in 

 repair all the buildings on the farm, the tenant doing the haulage of 

 materials for such repairs, and furnishing good wheat straw for thatch- 

 ing, if required, without any compensation. If the landlord erects any 

 new buildings, or does any draining, five per cent, is charged on such 

 outlay. In the eastern districts (where the holdings are principally 

 from year to year, and if by lease, twenty-one years), a form of lease is 

 becoming very prevalent, which stipulates that the tenant shall not at 

 any time sow more than one quarter of the arable land with wheat, and 

 one quarter with other straw crops, nor take more than two straw crops 

 from the same land during any four years of tenancy ; and also lays 

 down strictly the allowance to the tenant on quitting. All the manure, 

 straw or stubble unconsumed on the farm, is left for the landlord or 

 the incoming tenant without compensation. iWi the unconsumed hay 

 is left, and a certain number of tons are paid for by the landlord or in- 

 coming tenant at a consuming price, and the remainder left on the 

 premises without compensation. In the last year of the tenancy, the 

 tenant is bound to sow one-fourth of the arable land with barley, and 

 to suffer the landlord or the incoming tenant to sow clover or other 

 seeds on the same. He is also bound to sow one-fourth part of the 

 arable land in the same year with turnips. The landlord or the in- 

 coming tenant pays for the crop of turnips thus raised, and the value 

 of the same as well as the hay is ascertained, by two valuers, and an 

 umpire if necessary. It is not usual to make the tenants any allowances 

 for improvements, unless there be an agreement to that effect. They 

 cannot claim remuneration for draining or farm buildings, unless they 

 have been done with the consent of the landlord, and on an understand- 

 ing that they are to be allowed. It can hardly be said that an estab- 

 lished custom prevails between incoming and outgoing tenants ; but it 

 is usually agi-eed that if the outgoing tenant has properly fallowed the 

 land, and not taken a crop from it during the last year of his tenancy, 

 the year's rent and taxes, with other outgoings, cost of seeds, sowing, 

 &c., shall be aUowed. It is also usual where lime has been spread on 

 land and only one crop taken, to allow one-half of the value of such 

 lime at the kiln. Where clover seed has been sown with the barley 

 crop in the last year, the expense of sowing it is allowed, as well as 

 that of ploughing up stubbles, or any necessary act of cultivation con- 

 ducive to a future crop. 



Glamorganshire {West). — There is no general custom as to the period 

 of entry on farms : some commence at Michaelmas, some at Lady-da}'. 

 Leases are rather the exception j those at present in existence are 



