CONTENTS xiii 



CHAPTEE XIV 



OTHEE METHODS OF OBTAINING FOOD 



PAGE 



Partial or entire absence of the constructive power Nutrition of 

 saprophytes Insectivorous plants Utricularia The pitcher- 

 plants Lathraea Drosophyllum Pinguicula Dionaea Drosera 

 Digestion of substances by Fungi Commensalism Symbiosis 

 Mycorhiza Hoot parasites Parasitism among green plants and 

 Fungi . . ..,*;.. '," . '.^r'. , :,-'. .' .. . . 196-220 



CHAPTEE XV 



TEANSLOCATION OF NUTEITIVE MATEEIALS 



Conditions of the constructive processes ; surplus production and 

 storage Necessity of circulation of food material in consequence 

 of localisation of construction, and intermittence of consumption 

 Mode of transport of substances in the plant ; osmosis and diffusion ; 

 temporary storage Translocatory and storage forms of food The 

 so-called descending sap The pathway of translocation . 221-234 



CHAPTEE XVI 



THE STOEAGE OF EESEEVE MATEEIALS 



Connection between transport and storage ; forms in which food is 

 stored Eeservoirs of storage ; stems, roots, floral organs Storage 

 of carbohydrates ; starch grains and their formation by chloro- 

 plasts and leucoplasts, by the cytoplasm ; glycogen ; inulin ; 

 sugars ; cellulose and similar compounds Storage of proteids ; 

 aleurone grains, their composition and mode of formation ; proteid 

 crystals ; antecedents of gluten Storage of asparagin ; glucosides ; 

 fats and oils Mode of formation of the last-named group . 235-255 



CHAPTEE XVII 



DIGESTION OF EESEEVE MATEEIALS 



Nature of digestion Its localisation in plants Agents of digestion- 

 Secretion of enzymes Conditions of their action Zymogens 

 Differentiation of glandular structures Classification of enzymes 

 Diastase and its action on starch Mulase Invertase Glucase 



Cytase and cell-walls PectaseProteoly tic enzymes Rennet- 

 Enzymes which decompose glucosides Lipase and its action on fats 



Zymase and the production of alcohol Oxidases Fermentative 

 activity of protoplasm Assimilation ... . . 256-271 



