52 



The Edentates, in their southern migration, were probably 

 accompanied by the Horse, Tapir and Rhinoceros, although no 

 remains of the last have yet been found south of Mexico. The 

 Mastodon, Elephant, Llama, Deer, Peccary, and other mam- 

 mals, followed the same path. Why the Mastodon, Elephant, 

 Ehinoceros, and especially the Horse, should have been selected 

 with the huge Edentates for extinction, and the other Un- 

 gulates left, is at present a mystery, which their somewhat 

 larger size hardly explains. 



The relations of the American Primates, extinct and recent, 

 to those of the other hemisphere, offer an inviting topic, but it 

 is not in my present province to discuss them in their most 

 suggestive phases. As we have here the oldest and most 

 generalized members of the group, so far as now known, we 

 may justly claim America for the birth-place of the order. 

 That the development did not continue here until it culmi- 

 nated in Man, was due to causes which at present we can only 

 surmise, although the genealogy of other. surviving groups 

 gives some data towards a solution. Why the old world Apes, 

 when differentiated, did not come to the land of their earlier 

 ancestry, is readily explained by the then intervening oceans, 

 which likewise were a barrier to the return of the Horse and 

 Rhinoceros. 



Man, however, came ; doubtless first across Behring's 

 Straits ; and at his advent became part of our fauna, as a 

 mammal and primate. In these relations alone, it is my pur- 

 pose here to treat him. The evidence, as it stands to-day, 

 although not conclusive, seems to place the first appearance of 

 Man in this country in the Pliocene, and the best proof of 

 this has been found on the Pacific coast. During several 

 visits to that region, many facts were brought to my knowl- 

 edge which render this more than probable. Man at this time 

 was a savage, and was doubtless forced by the great volcanic 

 outbreaks to continue his migration. This was at first to the 

 south, since mountain chains were barriers on the east. As 

 the native Horses of America were now all extinct, and as the 



