FLOWERS 



131 



consisting of a single carpel is said to be simple, and one of 

 several carpels, compound. The fact that a pistil consisting 

 of several joined carpels is really compound is 

 generally evident from the presence of several 

 chambers, or locules, in the ovary (fig. 113, A), 

 from the occurrence of several ovule-bearing 

 areas (fig. 113, 5), or from the forked divisions 

 of the upper part of the pistil (fig. 112). 

 Besides the ovary a pistil often has a stalk 

 known as the style, and (in all but the lowest 



style 



ovary 



FIG. 112. A pistil 

 with the ovary cut 

 through lengthwise 



stig, the stigma 



ABC 



FIG. 113. Three modes of bearing ovules 



A, ovary three-loculed, with the ovules, o, borne on the 

 axis (central placenta) formed by the united partitions ; 



B, ovary one-loculed, ovules, o, borne on the ovary wall 

 along three placentas ; C, ovary one-loculed, ovules, o, 



borne on a/ree central placenta. After Behrens 



seed plants) there is a pollen-receiving portion called the 



stigma. The relation of these parts is easily understood from 



an inspection of figure 112. 



Often (fig. 114, ) the style 



is lacking and the stigmas 



are found on the summit 'or 



on the side of the ovary. In 



this case the stigmas are said 



to be sessile. 



122. Relation of the ovary 

 to surrounding organs. In the 

 simplest type of flower having 



top of ovary 



FIG. 114. A, perigynous flower of buck- 

 thorn ; B, epigynous flower of English 

 ivy both lengthwise sections 



all four kinds of floral organs 

 (fig. 102) the receptacle bears 

 the ovary or ovaries at or near 



cal, calyx ; pet, petals. Note the curious 



hood-like petals of the buckthorn, each 



inclosing an anther. A, after Berg and 



Schmidt ; B, after Wossidlo 



