FIG. 227. A group of gymnosperm cones, of which all except B are seed cones 



A, spruce (Picea excelsa), one half natural size ; JB, spruce, branch and staminate 

 cones almost natural size ; C, Douglas fir, or Douglas spruce (Pseitdotsuga taxifolia), 

 one fourth natural size; D, arbor vitse (Thuja occidentalis), almost natural size 



293 



