366 



INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY 



Russian thistle, 167, 168 

 Rusts, *253-256 



Sac fungi, *242-247 



Saccharomycetes, 261 



Sachs, Julius, 56* 



Sap, 24 



Saprophytes, 48, *50-52, 234 



Saprophytic bacteria, 203, 204 



Saprophytism, 48, 51, 52 



Sapwood, 66 



Sargasso Sea, 231 



Sargassum, 231, 260 



Sassafras wood, section of, 110* 



Schizomycetes, 260 



Scion, 92* 



Sclerenchyma, 285* 



Sclerotinia, 242*, 261 



Scouring rush, 278*, 279 



Scramblers, 74 



Scutellum, 16 



Seed, 15-18, *157-171, 303 



Seed coats, 158*, 160 



Seed distribution, *166-171 



Seed leaf, 18*, 158* 



Seed plants, *282-307 



Seed testing, 163 



Seedlings, 18*, *159-165 



Seedlings, mutilated, growth of, 165* 



Seedlings, types of, 18*, 159*, 160* 



Selection by plant breeder, 175, 177, 



*1 78-186, 191 



Self-pollination, 139, *140-142 

 Self-pruning, 77, 78 

 Sepal, 14*, 126* 

 Sequoia, 24, 287*, 294 

 Sexual reproduction in angiosperms, 



*135-137, *298-303 

 Sexual spore, 225 

 Shepherd's-purse, ovule and embryo, 



303* 



Shoot, 66 



Sieve tubes, 20*, 43, 63* 

 Simple pistil, 131 

 Sisal, 313 

 Smuts, *251-253 

 Soft bast. See sieve tubes 

 Soil, 26, 39, *319-327 

 Soil, relation of roots to, 26, 27, 324* 

 Soil bacteria, *204-207, 323 

 Soil fertility, 323-325 

 Sorrel, 334* 

 Sorus, 273 



Spanish moss, 49, 50* 

 Species, 194-196 



Sperm, 228, 265*, 275* 



Spermatophytes, 196, 306 



Spermatophytes, evolution of plants, 

 306 



Sphagnum, 267*, 268 



Spirogyra, 223, 224*, 225, 239, 260 



Spongy parenchyma of leaf, 36* 



Sporangium, 272*-274 



Spore, 203, 224*, 227*, 228* 



Sporidia, 225* 



Sporophyll, 278*, 290, 291*, 299 



Sporophyte, 266 



Sport, 173 



Spraying, 240*, 241, 318, 319 



Sprengel, 138 



Spruce, 293* 



Spur, fruit, 98, 99* 



Squash seed, section of, 158* 



Stamen, 14*, 15, *125-130 



Staminate flower, 127* 



Starch, 7, 14, 17, 40*, 43, 343, 344 



Starch-making, 38-40, 343, 344 



Stem, dicotyledonous, minute struc- 

 ture of, *62-65 



Stem, functions of, 12, 56-60 



Stem, monocotyledonous, 68*, 69 



Stem, rate of growth of, 60, 61, 288 



Stem, structure of, 11*, 12*, *62-68 



Stems, climbing, 74, 75 



Stems, underground, *86-88 



Sterilization, 194, 195 



Stiffening, mechanics for, *62-65 



Stigma, 131*, 300, 301* 



Stimulus, 22 



Stipe, 257 



Stipules, 69*, 101 



Stock, 92* 



Stolon, 89*, 90 



Stomata, 35*, 36* 



Stonewort, 229* 



Storage of food in root, 44*, 45 



Storage of food in seed, 17*, 165. 

 166 



Storage of food in stem, *87-89 



Strengthening tissue, 11, 64*, 65 



Struggle for existence, *167-172 



Style, 300 



Submerged leaves, 79* 



Sugar, 7, 38, *309-312 



Sugar, formed during germination, 

 165, 166 



Sugar beet, 312 



Sugar cane, 311*, 312 



Sugar maple, 309, 310* 



Sugar pine, 295* 



