ELM FAMILY 



63 



serrate, 3-4 in. long. Flowers in close clusters with very short pedi- 

 cels. Fruit obovate-elliptical, with a fissure extending almost to the 

 seed, nearly smooth and not ciliate. Considerably planted as a shade 

 tree and rarely escaped from cultivation. Very variable, one variety 

 with thick ridges of cork on the twigs. 



3. U. americana L. WHITE ELM. A large tree with gray bark, 

 drooping branches, and smooth or slightly downy twigs. Leaves oval 

 or obovate, abruptly taper-pointed at the apex, obtuse and oblique at 

 the base, slightly rough above, soft-downy or soon smooth beneath. 

 Flowers in close fascicles ; pedicels slender, smooth. Fruit oval or 

 obovate, with 2 sharp teeth bending toward each other at the apex; 



D 



FIG. 12. Ulmus campestris 



A, a flowering twig ; B, a flower ; (J, longitudinal section of a flower ; D, a 

 fruit. (A, D, natural size; B, C, enlarged.) (After Wossidlo) 



wing reticulate-veined, downy on the margin. In moist, rich soil. 

 A widely planted ornamental tree ; wood strong but warping badly, 

 and not durable when exposed.* 



4. U. racemosa Thomas. CORK ELM, ROCK ELM. A large tree 80- 

 100 ft. high, with the young twigs somewhat downy ; the branches 

 often with ridges of cork. Leaves much as in U. americana, but 

 smaller and less sharply serrate. Flowers racemed, on thread-like 

 pedicels. Fruit oval, downy on the surface and densely ciliate. 

 In rich soil, especially along river banks. A highly valuable timbei- 

 tree. 



5. U. alata Michx. WINGED ELM. A small tree with branches 

 corky-winged. Leaves small, ovate-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrate, 

 base nearly equal-sided, rough above, downy beneath, nearly sessile. 



