TO BOTANY. 3 



perianthium of the fruit ; but if it includes both, it 

 is the perianthium of the fructification. 



INVOLUCKUM, a Cover, when stationed at the foot 

 of an umbel, at a distance from the flower : it is an 

 universal involucrum, if it is under the universal um- 

 bel ; or a partial one, if under a partial umbel. 



AMENTUM, Catkin, when it proceeds from one 

 common receptacle, resembling the chaff of an ear 

 of corn. 



SPATHA, Sheath, when it bursts lengthways, and 

 puts forth a SpadLv *. 



GLUME, Husk in grasses, when it folds over with 

 its valves ; and the sharp point or beard issuing from 

 the glume is called an Arista. 



CALYPTRA, a Veil, in mosses, where it is placed 

 over the ant he roe, tops of the stamina, and is hood- 

 ed like a monk's cawl. 



VOLVA, from its involving or enfolding, in the 

 fungi, or mushroom-tribe, where it is membranaceous, 

 and rent on all sides. 



It is sometimes difficult to distinguish a Calyx from 

 a 'Br detect^ floral leaf t, such as is found to accom- 

 pany the fructification of the Tilia, Lavandula, Me- 

 lampyrum, and others. They may be distinguished by 

 this certain rule, that a Calyx always withers when 

 the fruit is ripe, if not before ; but the Bractea will 



* Spadix properly signifies the receptacle of a palm : see 

 Chap. viii. But Spatha is not confined only to such plants as 

 have a spadix in this sense of the term, but is applied to Nar- 

 cissus, Galanthus, Pancratium, and many others, whose 

 flower-stalks come out of a sheath. Spadix therefore is here 

 to be understood in a more general sense : agreeably to such 

 latitude we shall find it used in Chap. xix. under the head of 

 spadiceous aggregate flowers, to express the comm on recep- 

 tacle in Calla, Dracontium, Pothos, Arum, and Zostera, as 

 * well as in the Palms. 



f In many plants there are found green leaves amongst the 

 flowers, that differ in shape from the ordinary leaves of the 

 plant. These arc the Bracteae, or iloral leaves here s poker, 

 of. They are commonly situated on thu flower-stalk^, .uid 

 sometimes so near the flower, as to be mistaken forits Calyx, 



A % 



