TO BOTANY. 17 



are the foundation of the genera) and their charac- 

 ters ; and of these we shall treat in their order, be- 

 ginning with the Calyx. 



The variations of the Calyx, in respect to Number, 

 will take in the terms also that respect its Composition, 

 Parts and Segments. 



In respect to Number, it is either single, as in Pri- 

 mula, and most flowers ; double as in Malva, Hibis- 

 cus, and Bixa ; or wanting, as in Tulipa, Fritillaria, 

 and many of the liliacous flowers. 



In respect to Composition, it is either imbricate, that 

 is, composed of various scales lying over each other, 

 as in Hieracium, Sonchus, and Camellia ; squarrose, 

 that is, composed of scales divaricated on all sides, 

 and spreading widely open, as in Carduus, Onopor- 

 dum, and Conyza; auctus, augmented; that is, hav- 

 ing a series of distinct leaves, shorter than its own, 

 that surround its base externally, as in Coreopsis, Bi- 

 dens, Crepis, and Dianthus; or multijiorus, many 

 flowered, that is, common to many florets, as in Sca- 

 biosa, and in the plants of the class Syngenesia. 



In respect to its parts, it is either monophyllous, of 

 one leaf, as in Datura and Primula ; diphyllous, of 

 two, as in Fumaria, arid Fumaria bulbosa ; trlphyl- 

 lous of three, as inTradescantia ; tetrapkyllous } offouT, 

 as in Sagina, Epimedium, and in the plants of the 

 class Tetradynamia ; pent aphyllous, of five, as in Cis- 

 tus, Adonis, and Cerbera ; hexaphyllous, of six, as in 

 Berberis ; or decaphyllous, of ten, as in Hibiscus. 



In respect to its segments (which chiefly concern the 

 monophyllous Calyx") it is either integer, whole, as in 

 Genipa ; bifid, divided into two segments, as in Utricu- 

 laria; trificl, in three, as in Alisma, and Cliflfortia ; 

 quadrifid, in four, as in Rhinanthus ; quinqwjid, in 

 five, as in Nicotiana ; sexfid, in six, as in Pavia ; oc- 

 tofid, in eight, as in Tormentilla ; decemftd, in ten, as 

 in Potentiiia and Fmgaria; or duodecem/id, in twelve, 

 as in L thrum. 



