TO BOTANY. 35 



The properties of a compound flower are, 1. A 

 common receptacle enlarged and undivided. 2. A 

 common perianthinm surrounding all the florets. 

 3. The florets monopetalous and sessile. The 

 Anthe.rae of each floret ti ve in number, and growing 

 togethe^ in a cylinder. />. A rnonospermous germen 

 under &ich of the florets. Of these properties the 

 two last are essential to a compound flower; but ob- 

 serve, that there are some whose calyx contains only 

 a single floret as Echinops, Stoebe, I oryuibiuni and 

 Artemisia. 



Compound flowers are of three kinds : 1. ligulate, 

 when all the corollulas, little corolhe, of the florets 

 are plane, flat, shaped like a tigula, a narrow tongue, or 

 fillet, and expanded towards the .outer side. 2 Tubu- 

 lose, when all the corollulae of the florets are tubulose, 

 and nearly equal. 3. Radiate, having rays, .when the 

 corollulae of the disk, middle part, are tubulcse, and 

 those of the circumference, margin, of another form: 

 Which variation affords three cases, viz. when the 

 corollulae of the circumference are either ligulate, as 

 in Achillea; tubulose, but unlike the tubulose florets of 

 the disk, as in Centaurea ; or naked, as in Artemisia 

 and Gna[ hilium. A compound flower usually con- 

 sists of many florets, JbuL rarely of a determinate 

 number of them. 



3. An UMBELLATE flower is an aggregate one, 

 consisting of many florets placed on a receptacle, on 

 fastigiate peduncles* that are all produced from the 

 same point : A simple Umbel is when the receptacle 

 is but once divided into peduncles ; a compound um- 

 bel is when all the common peduncles are subdivid- 

 ed into I bnbellulae, little umbels ; an LJmbetlula there- 

 fore is a partial umbel. 



Umbellate flowers properly so called f have the fol- 



* See the first note in Chap. 8. 



+ The umbfllate flowers, properly so called, belong to the 

 Prder Digynia of the Class Peiitandria 5 see Part II. Chap. , 



