42 AN INTRODUCTION 



the Radiate and the Tubulose*. In the Radiate, it 

 will so far affect the radius, as to change its flowers 

 from ligultitc to tubulose : instances of this manner 

 of impletion may be had in Bellis, Matricaria, and 

 Tagetes. In the Carduus of the Oats, which is a spe* 

 cies of Serratula, the corollulre are both lengthened 

 and enlarged. In respect to the ligulate flowers, if 

 we confine ourselves to the two-fold manner of imple- 

 tion, after the author whose division^ we have adopt- 

 ed, we shall be obliged to call their impletion also, 

 an impletion by the disk : though the manner of it 

 differs from that last explained, and the expression 

 does not so w r ell answer to flowers, that in the Bota- 

 nical sense of the term have properly no disk at all. 

 But not to stop at too great niceties, their impletion 

 is by the lengthening of their stigmata, and the en- 

 larging and diverging of their germina : by which 

 augmentations, the full flowers are to be distinguished 

 from the natural ones, as in Scorzonera and Lapsa- 

 na vulgaris : which last, Linnasus tells us, is frequent- 

 ly found with a full flower at Upsal. 



3. Flowers are said to be PROLIFEROUS, when 

 one flower grows out of another : this generally hap- 

 pens in full flowers, the fulness being the cause of 

 their becoming proliferous. Prolification is after two 

 manners : I . From the centre : C 2. From the side. 



Prolification from the Centre, which happens in 

 simple flowers, is, when the pistillum shoots up into 

 another flower standing upon a single peduncle : of 

 which there are instances in Dianthus, Ranunculus, 

 Anemone, Geum and Rosa. 



Prolitication from the Side, which happens in ag- 

 gregate flowers, properly so called (see Chapter xix.) 

 is, when many pedunculate flowers are produced out 

 ot one common calyx : of which there are instances 

 in Bellis, Calendula, Hieracium, and Scabiosa. 



*This is not expressly asserted, as (he distinction is omitfed, 

 in the Philosophia Botanica of Liunseus; but itappears to be 



