164 AN INTRODUCTION 



Flexuose, bending divers ways, or undulate, wav- 

 ed ; as in Aira flexuosa. 



Remaining on the plant after the fructification is 

 fallen; as in Jamboiifera, Ochna, and Justicia. 



Incrassate, thickened tovyards the flower ; as in 

 Cotula, Tragopogon, and most cernuous flowers. 



The parts of Fituci IFJCATION often furnish most 

 certain and constant specific differences. Linnaeus 

 tells us he was once of a contrary opinion ; and held, 

 that as the flower was of short duration, and its parts 

 commonly very minute, recourse should not be had 

 to the fructification for specific differences, till all 

 other ways had been tried and found ineffectual ; 

 but as the fructification contains more distinct parts 

 than all the rest of the plant taken together, and cer- 

 titude is found throughout nature to depend mostly 

 on her minuter parts, he has since readily admitted 

 this distinction. 



In Gentiana, the species cannot any way be dis- 

 tinguished, if the flower is not admitted as a speci- 

 fic character ; but they are easily distinguished by 

 their corollae, which vary in being campaniibrm, 

 rotate, infundibulifonn, quinquefid, quadrifid, octo- 

 fid, &c. 



In Hypericurn, the species are distinguished by 

 the flowers being trigynous (with three styles) or Pen- 

 tagynous, (with five styles.) - 



In Geranium, the African species are distinguish- 

 able from their European congeners, by the corolla 

 bei g irregular, and also by the connexion of their 

 star., int. 



iii Lichen, the fructification is distinguishable into 

 Tuberculum, a little knob, which is a fructification 

 consisting of rough points collected like' a heap of 

 dust; Scutellum, a small buckler, which is a con- 

 cave orbiculate fructification, the margin of which is 

 elevated on every side or Pelta, a little shield, which 



